Psych 100 Final

Front 1

A measure of what a person has accomplished or learned in a particular area.

Back 1

Achievement Test

Front 2

A test designed to measure a person's capacity to learn certain things or perform certain tasks.

Back 2

Aptitude Test

Front 3

The capacity to reason, remember, understand, solve problems, and make decisions.

Back 3

Cognitive Ability

Front 4

The ability to apply logic and knowledge to narrow down the number of possible solutions to a problem or perform some other complex cognitive task.

Back 4

Convergent Thinking

Front 5

The specific knowledge gained as a result of applying fluid intelligence.

Back 5

Crystallized Intelligence

Front 6

The ability to think along many alternative paths to generate many different solutions to a problem.

Back 6

Divergent Thinking

Front 7

The basic power of reasoning and problem solving.

Back 7

Fluid Intelligence

Front 8

A general intelligence factor that Charles Spearman postulated as accounting for positive correlations between people?s scores on all sorts of cognitive ability tests.

Back 8

G

Front 9

An approach to the study of intelligence that focuses on mental operations, such as attention and memory, that underlie intelligent behavior.

Back 9

Information-Processing Approach

Front 10

Those attributes that center around skill at information processing, problem solving, and adapting to new or changing environments.

Back 10

Intelligence

Front 11

An index of intelligence that reflects the degree to which a person?s score on an intelligence test deviates from the average score of others in the same age group.

Back 11

Intelligence Quotient

Front 12

A test designed to measure intelligence on an objective, standardized scale.

Back 12

Iq Test

Front 13

Eight semi-independent kinds of intelligence postulated by Howard Gardner.

Back 13

Multiple Intelligences

Front 14

A description of the frequency at which particular scores occur, allowing scores to be compared statistically.

Back 14

Norm

Front 15

Subtests in Wechsler tests that measure spatial ability and the ability to manipulate materials as part of a measure of overall intelligence.

Back 15

Performance Scale

Front 16

A way of studying intelligence that emphasizes analysis of the products of intelligence, especially scores on intelligence tests.

Back 16

Psychometric Approach

Front 17

The degree to which a test can be repeated with the same results.

Back 17

Reliability

Front 18

A group of special abilities that Charles Spearman saw as accompanying general intelligence (g).

Back 18

S

Front 19

A test for determining a person's intelligence quotient, or IQ.

Back 19

Stanford-Binet

Front 20

A systematic procedure for observ­ing behavior in a standard situation and describing it with the help of a numerical scale or a category system.

Back 20

Test

Front 21

Robert Sternberg's theory that describes intelligence as having analytic, creative, and practical dimensions.

Back 21

Triarchic Theory Of Intelligence

Front 22

The degree to which test scores are interpreted correctly and used appropriately.

Back 22

Validity

Front 23

Subtests in Wechsler tests that measure verbal skills as part of a measure of overall intelligence.

Back 23

Verbal Scale

Front 24

Structures, such as the lens of the eye, that modify a stimulus.

Back 24

Accessory Structures

Front 25

The ability of the lens to change its shape and bend light rays so that objects are in focus.

Back 25

Accommodation

Front 26

Visual clarity, which is greatest in the fovea because of its large concentration of cones.

Back 26

Acuity

Front 27

The process through which responsiveness to an unchanging stimulus decreases over time.

Back 27

Adaptation

Front 28

The difference between the peak and the baseline of a waveform.

Back 28

Amplitude

Front 29

The absence of pain sensations in the presence of a normally painful stimulus.

Back 29

Analgesia

Front 30

The bundle of axons that carries stimuli from the hair cells of the cochlea to the brain.

Back 30

Auditory Nerve

Front 31

The floor of the fluid-filled duct that runs through the cochlea.

Back 31

Basilar Membrane

Front 32

The light-insensitive point at which axons from all of the ganglion cells converge and exit the eyeball.

Back 32

Blind Spot

Front 33

The overall intensity of all of the wavelengths that make up light.

Back 33

Brightness

Front 34

A fluid-filled spiral structure in the ear in which auditory transduction occurs.

Back 34

Cochlea

Front 35

Translating the physical properties of a stimulus into a pattern of neural activity that specifically identifies those properties.

Back 35

Coding

Front 36

Photoreceptors in the retina that help us to distinguish colors.

Back 36

Cones

Front 37

The curved, transparent, protective layer through which light rays enter the eye.

Back 37

Cornea

Front 38

The increasing ability to see in the dark as time in the dark increases.

Back 38

Dark Adaptation

Front 39

The discovery that stimulation of a particular sensory nerve provides codes for that sense, no matter how the stimulation takes place.

Back 39

Doctrine Of Specific Nerve Energies

Front 40

Cells in the cortex that respond to a specific feature of an object.

Back 40

Feature Detectors

Front 41

A region in the center of the retina where cones are highly concentrated.

Back 41

Fovea

Front 42

The view that some sounds are coded in terms of the frequency of neural firing.

Back 42

Frequency-Matching Theory

Front 43

Cells in the retina that generate action potentials.

Back 43

Ganglion Cells

Front 44

A theory suggesting that a functional "gate" in the spinal cord can either let pain impulses travel upward to the brain or block their progress.

Back 44

Gate Control Theory

Front 45

The sense of taste.

Back 45

Gustation

Front 46

The colorful part of the eye, which constricts or relaxes to adjust the amount of light entering the eye.

Back 46

Iris

Front 47

The sense that tells you where the parts of your body are with respect to one another.

Back 47

Kinesthesia

Front 48

A region of the thalamus in which axons from most of the ganglion cells in the retina end and form synapses.

Back 48

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (Lgn)

Front 49

A process in which lateral connections allow one photoreceptor to inhibit the responsiveness of its neighbor, thus enhancing the sensation of visual contrast.

Back 49

Lateral Inhibition

Front 50

The part of the eye behind the pupil that bends light rays, focusing them on the retina.

Back 50

Lens

Front 51

The sense of smell.

Back 51

Olfaction

Front 52

A brain structure that receives messages regarding olfaction.

Back 52

Olfactory Bulb

Front 53

A theory of color vision stating that color-sensitive visual elements are grouped into red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white elements.

Back 53

Opponent-Process Theory

Front 54

Part of the bottom surface of the brain where half of each optic nerve?s fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain.

Back 54

Optic Chiasm

Front 55

A bundle of fibers composed of axons of ganglion cells that carries visual information to the brain.

Back 55

Optic Nerve

Front 56

Small crystals in the fluid-filled vestibular sacs of the inner ear that, when shifted by gravity, stimulate nerve cells that inform the brain of the position of the head.

Back 56

Otoliths

Front 57

Structures on the tongue containing groups of taste receptors, or taste buds.

Back 57

Papillae