Psych 1 Ch 7

Front 1

Sensory store

Back 1

VERY brief storage (milliseconds) of sensory information.

Iconic (visual) and echoic (auditory).

Front 2

Short-term

Back 2

Temporary storage of information that lasts only seconds if not rehearsed.

Front 3

Long-term

Back 3

Relatively permanent store of information.

Front 4

Semantic long-term memory

Back 4

Memory of general principles and facts.

Front 5

Episodic

Back 5

memory for specific events in a person's life.

Front 6

Consolidation

Back 6

A gradual process by which you convert your short-term memory into a long-term memory.

How long something remains in short-term memory is not a predictor of whether or not it will become a long-term memory.

Front 7

Phonelogical loop

Back 7

Stores and rehearses speech information.

Front 8

Visuospatial sketchpad

Back 8

Stores and manipulates visual and spatial information.

e.g. can imagine what an object would look like from another angle.

Front 9

Central executive

Back 9

Governs shifts of attention.

Front 10

Episodic buffer

Back 10

Binds together the various parts of an meaningful experience.

Front 11

Free recall

Back 11

Simplest method of testing, asks you to produce a response.

e.g. essay or short answer tests

Front 12

Cued recall

Back 12

You receive significant hints about the material.

e.g. Gives picture of brain to help recall the different brain regions.

Front 13

Regocnition

Back 13

You are offered several choices and asked to select the correct one.

Front 14

Savings method

Back 14

Detects weak memories by comparing the speed of original learning to the speed of relearning.

Front 15

Explicit (direct) memory

Back 15

Recall which your regard as a product of your memory.

Front 16

Implicit memory

Back 16

An experience that influences your actions although you may not be aware of it.

Front 17

Procedural memories

Back 17

Memories of motor skills.

i.e. walking and talking

Front 18

Declarative memories

Back 18

Memories we can readily make in words.

Front 19

Levels-of-Processing Principle

Back 19

How easily we can retrieve a memory depends on the number and types of associations we form.
The more ways you think about the material, the deeper you will process the material, and the easier it will be to remember later.

Front 20

Encoding specificity principle

Back 20

The associations you form at the time of learning will be the most effective retrieval cues.

Front 21

State-Dependent memory

Back 21

The tendency to remember something better if your body is in the same condition during recall as it was during the original learning.

Front 22

Reconstruction

Back 22

Influenced by both surviving memories and our expectations of what must have happened.

-Inferences. Adding/changing details to fit logic of story.

Front 23

Hindsight bias

Back 23

The tendency to mold our recollection of past to fit how events later turned out.

Front 24

Amnesia

Back 24

Loss of memory. Results from many kinds of brain damage, including damage to the hippocampus.

Front 25

Hippocampus

Back 25

Structure in the brain critical for storing certain types of memory.

Front 26

Anterograde amnesia

Back 26

Inability to store NEW long-term memories.

Front 27

Retrograde amnesia

Back 27

A loss of memory for events before the time of brain damage (loss of OLD memories).

Front 28

Korsakoff's syndrome

Back 28

Damage to the prefront cortex due to a prolonged deficiency in vitamin B.

Usually a result of chronic alcoholism.
Causes apathy, confusion, amnesia.

Front 29

Alzheimer's disease

Back 29

Characterized by increasingly severe memory loss, confusion, depression, disordered thinking, and impaired attention.

-Marked by the gradual accumulation of harmful proteins in the brain and deterioration of brain cells.

Front 30

Infant amnesia
(or childhood amnesia)

Back 30

Relative lack of declarative memories before the age of about 4 or 5.