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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the different types of Psychology? |
Clinical, counseling, research |
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Who is Gustov Fechner? |
German psychologist who studied the effect of light and sound on perception |
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Who is Wilhelm Wundt? |
Psychologist who established the 1st Psych Lab with Titchener, and established structuralism |
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What is Structuralism? |
A school of Psychology which tried to study objective sensations and subjective experience (The problem was it tried to break the psyche down to its basic elements to do so) |
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Who is William James? |
The "Father of Psychology," started the school of Functionalism |
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What is Functionalism? |
The idea that consciousness is fluid and should be studied as it functions |
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What do Behaviorists believe? |
That we learn by conditioning, and it shapes our behavior |
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What is Gestalt Psychology? |
We are sense-making beings, and our perceptions help us make sense of our experiences |
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What are the components of the Ego Structure? |
Id, Ego, and Super Ego Id - childlike, does things for pleasure Super Ego - authoritarian, done out of reason/logic |
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What is Existential Psychology? |
Focused on freedom of choice, responsibility, and quest for meaning |
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What is Psychodynamic Theory? |
The unconscious process of sex and hostility as motivators |
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What is the difference between a Random and Stratified sample group? |
Random - anyone could be chosen Stratified - a proportional representation of a studied group |
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What are the Types of Research? |
> Experimental - used to determine cause and effect (uses independent and dependent variables) > Correlational - determining if there is a relationship between traits/characteristics > Descriptive - research which describes what was found via study |
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What is a Neuron? |
A basic unit of the nervous system |
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What are Dendrites? |
Tiny cell fibers that receive incoming messages from other neurons and transmit them |
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What is the axon? |
A single long fiber extending from the cell body, carries outgoing messages to other areas |
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What is the Myelin Sheath? |
A fatty covering that covers the axon to protect neurotransmitters |
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What is the Synaptic Gap? |
The area between neurons, which transmits messages |
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What is the difference between Afferent and Efferent messages? |
Afferent is a message sent from the muscle to the brain, while Efferent is the message the brain sends to the muscle |
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What is Acetylcholine? |
A neurotransmitter that controls muscle action, memory, emotion, sleep, and cognitive function (suspected connection to Alzheimer's) |
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What is Dopamine? |
Neurotransmitter that controls movement, attention, memory, learning, and emotion (Too much = schizophrenia, too little = Parkinson's) |
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What is Noradrenaline? |
Neurotransmitter that controls learning, memory, dreaming, waking, emotion, and stress reaction (Too little = depression, too much = manic agitation) |
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What is Serotonin? |
Neurotransmitter, controls mood, sleep, appetite, sensory perception, and impulses (Too little may cause depression) |
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What are Endorphins? |
Neurotransmitters, control mood, pain, memory, and learning |
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What is the difference between the Soumatic and Autonomic parts of the Nervous System? |
Soumatic is voluntary, where Autonomic is involuntary and automatic |
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What are Sympathetic and Parasympathetic functions? |
Autonomic responses, sympathetic arouses the body to expend energy, where parasympathetic calms the body to restore energy |
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What is the Hypothalamus? |
The part of the brain that controls the Autonomic Nervous System (Hunger, sex, thirst, etc.) |
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What is the Central Nervous System? |
The nerves running through the brain and spinal column |
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What is the Peripheral Nervous System? |
Nerves that carry information from the central nervous system |
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What is the pituitary gland? |
A gland that influences growth, as well as secreting hormones that affect other glands |
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What is the Parathyroid? |
A gland that regulates calcium in the blood |
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What is the Adrenal Gland? |
A gland that arouses the body, responds to stress, regulates sex functions, and manages salt levels |
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What is the Thyroid? |
A gland that controls metabolism |
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What is the Pancreas? |
A gland that controls blood sugar levels and creates insulin |
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What is Alcohol? |
A depressant that creates physical and psychological dependence |
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What are Opiates? |
Heroin, poppy |
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What are Stimulants? |
Amphetamines, cocaine, cigarettes, caffiene |
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What are Barbituates? |
Drugs used to relieve anxiety |
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What are Hallucinogens? |
LSD and Marijuana |
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What is Absolute Threshold? |
Minimum stimulus detectable |
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Difference Threshold? |
Minimum difference able to be detected between stimuli |
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What is Perception? |
The way we organize information to make sense of the world |
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What is Figure-Ground theory? |
The mind's natural tendency to not focus on surroundings, but instead to pick a point of focus |
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What is Closure theory? |
The mind's natural tendency to fill in gaps |
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What are Proximity and Similarity theory? |
We tend to group close and similar items together |
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What is Continuity theory? |
We tend to continue patterns we see |
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What is Common Fate Theory? |
We assume a common fate for people grouped together |
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What is Motion Parallax? |
We see distant objects as moving when we move, while middle distance objects remain stationary |
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What is Perceptual Consistency? |
We perceive objects as remaining the same despite our senses registering them as changed |
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What is Gate Theory? |
The mind can only process so much pain before it registers it in a general sensation |
