Psych. 1

Front 1

Popular Psychology Industry

Back 1

Sprawling network of everyday sources of info about human behavior

Front 2

Naive Realism

Back 2

Belief that we see the world precisely as it is

Front 3

Communalism

Back 3

Willingness to share out findings with others

Front 4

Disinterestedness

Back 4

Attempt to be objective when evaluating the evidence

Front 5

Confirmation Bias

Back 5

Tendency to seek out evidence that supports out hypotheses and neglect or distort evidence that contradicts them

Front 6

Belief Perseverance

Back 6

Tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them

Front 7

Scientific Theory

Back 7

Explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world

Front 8

Hypothesis

Back 8

Testable prediction derived from a theory

Front 9

Scientific Skepticism

Back 9

Approach of evaluating all claims with an openmind, but insisting on persuasive evidence before accepting them

Front 10

Pathological Skepticism

Back 10

Tendency to dismiss any claims that contradict our beliefs

Front 11

Oberg's Dictum

Back 11

Premise that we should keep our minds open, but not so open that we believe virtually everything

Front 12

Astrology

Back 12

Pseudooscience that claims to predict people's personalities and futures from the precise date and time of their birth

Front 13

Critical Thinking

Back 13

Set of skills for evaluating all claims in an open-minded and careful fashion

Front 14

Extaordinary Claims

Back 14

The more a claim contradicts what we already know, the more persuasive the evidence for this claim must be before we should accept it

Front 15

Falsifiability

Back 15

Claims must be capable of being disproved

Front 16

Occam's Razor

Back 16

If two hypotheses explain a phenomenon equally well, we should generally select the simpler one

Front 17

Replicability

Back 17

A finding must be capable of being duplicated by independent reasearchers following the same "recipe"

Front 18

Ruling Out Rival Hypotheses

Back 18

Findings consistent with several hypotheses require additional research to eliminate these hypotheses

Front 19

Correlation Vs. Causation

Back 19

The fact that two things are associated with each other doesn't mean that one causes the other

Front 20

Risky Prediction

Back 20

Forecast that stands a good chance of being wrong

Front 21

Variable

Back 21

Anything that can vary

Front 22

Third Variable Problem

Back 22

Case in which a third variable causes the correlationn between two other variables

Front 23

Pseudoscience

Back 23

Set of claims that seems scientific but isn't

Front 24

Metaphysical Claims

Back 24

Assertions about the world that are unfalsifiable

Front 25

Ad Hoc Immunizing Hypothesis

Back 25

Escape hatch or loophole that defenders of a theory use to protect their theory from falification

Front 26

Peer Review

Back 26

Mechanism wherby experts in a field carefully screen the work of their colleagues

Front 27

Connectivity

Back 27

Extent to which a researcher's findings build on previous findings

Front 28

Rational Thinking

Back 28

Thinking that relies on careful reasoning and objective analysis

Front 29

Experiential Thinking

Back 29

Thinking that depends on intuitive judgments and emotional reactions

Front 30

Transcendental Temptations

Back 30

Desire to alleviate our anxiety by embracing the supernatural

Front 31

Terror Management Theory

Back 31

Theory proposing that our awareness of our death leaves us with an underlying sense of terror with which we cope by adopting reassuring cultural worldviews

Front 32

Pareidolia

Back 32

Tendency to perceive meaningful images in meaningless visual stimuli

Front 33

Apophenia

Back 33

Tendency to perceive meaningful connections among unrelated phenomena

Front 34

Logical Fallacies

Back 34

Traps in thinking that can lead to mistaken conclusions

Front 35

Emotional Reasoning Fallacy

Back 35

Error of using our emotions as guides for evaluationg the validity of a claim

Front 36

Bandwagon Fallacy

Back 36

Error of assuming that a claim is correct just because many people believe it

Front 37

Either-or Fallacy

Back 37

Error of framing a question as though we can answer it in only one of two extreme ways

Front 38

Not Me Fallacy

Back 38

Error of believeing we're immune from thinking errors that afflict others

Front 39

Bias Blind Spot

Back 39

Lack of awareness of our biases, coupled, with an awareness of others' biases

Front 40

Opportunity Cost

Back 40

Investment of time, energy, and effort in a questionable treatment that can lead people to forfeit the chance to obtain an effective treatment