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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Swammerdam
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-isolated muscle, proved pineal glands wrong
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Leibniz - rationalist
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- co-inventor of calculus.
- invented calculator - psychophysical parralelism - dualism -pre-established harmony of the monads -sensation and perception -perception - sensation - apperceptions -petite perceptions |
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Fechner
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founded psychophysics
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Hobbes - empiricist
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-"Leviathan"
-atheist -sensation and imagination and memory - founder of modern empiricism |
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Charles I
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- first reigning monarch to be deposed and beheaded
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Locke - empiricist
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-"An Essay Concerning Human Understanding"
-sensation and reflection -chance and natural association -primary and secondary qualities -paradox of the basins -tabula rasa |
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Berkeley - empiricist
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- "An Essay Towards New Theory on Vision"
-Perceptions -Esse est percipi -Anglican Bishop -solipsism -permanent perceiver |
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Hume - empiricist
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-cause & effect - necessarily connected
-impressions (like sensations) and ideas |
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Hartley - associationist
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-"Observations On Man"
-synchronous and successful association -sensation and vibratiuncles |
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James Mill - associationist
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-duplex/complex ideas
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John Stuart Mill - associationist
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-mental chemistry - compounding
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Kant - rationalist and empiricist
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-"Critique of Pure Reason"
-knowing things themselves and info they bring & categories of organization -synthetic - a postereori -analytic - a priori -synthetic a priori - combination of both -noumenal reality - phenomenal reality |
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Bischoff
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-basic reflex and spinal cord - consciousness in mind
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Whytt - neurologist
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-research in involuntary reflex
-described tuberculosis meningitis -"The Vital and Involuntary Motions of Animals" -demonstrated spinal cord plays role in reflexive behavior |
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Bell
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-"Idea of New Anatomy of the Brain: Submitted for the Observation of His Peers"
-stunned rabbit -doctrine of specific energies of nerves -skeletal muscle -reciprocal innervations |
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Magendie
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-doctor
-anterior root - motor; posterior root - sensory |
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Muller - physiologist
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-founder of physiology
-specific energies of nerves -our knowledge filtered by nervous system -"Handbook of Human Physiology" -sensory specificity -vitalism vs materialism |
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Helmholtz - physiologist
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-the authority of sensory systems for vision and audition
-law of conservation of energy -chronograph -myograph -ophthalmoscope -"Handbook on Physiological Optics" -pitch theory - trichromatic theory -opponent process theory - Hering -accommodation -binocular vision -pitch -higher the pitch, lower the frequency -"On Sensations of Tone" -resonator -basilar membrane -place theory -partial vibrations -overtones -unconscious inferences |
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Gall - physician and anatomist
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-origins of phrenology - called cranioscopy
-"Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System" -contralateral function |
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Spurzheim -
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-"Outlines of Phrenology"
-5 principles -doctrine of skull -anecdotal evidence |
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Fowler and Wells
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-phrenological journal
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Fluorens
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ablation
-"Examination of Phrenology" |
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Broca
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-clinical method
-broca's aphasia -motor aphasia -sensory aphasia -tan = motor aphasia |
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Phineas Gage
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-recorded by Dr. Harlow
-severe frontal lobe damage |
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Hitzig and Fritsch
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-static electric generator
-Leyden Jars -primary motor cortex |
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Ferrier
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-"Functions of the Brain"
-mapped monkey brain |
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Pinfield
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-mapped human brain
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Gratiolet
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-traced optic nerve
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Golgi
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-sectioning
-black stain - pic of intact nerve cell |
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Cajal
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-neuroanatomist
-neuron basic unit also like Golgi - but believed they were not connected |
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Sherrington
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-"The Integrative Action of the Nervous System"
-temporal summation -spatial summation |
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Lashley
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-how learning and memory affect brain
-"Brain Mechanisms and Intelligence" -behavior of rat to navigate mazes -equipotentiality -mass action |
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Tolman
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-neobehaviorist
-rats had cognitive map of maze |
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Volta with Galvani
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-Leyden jar
-used electricity to twitch frog leg -first inorganic battery |
