Psyc Week 15: Development

Front 1

Psychology

Back 1

Science of behaviour and mental processes like emotion, perceptions, and memory.

Front 2

Developmental psychology

Back 2

Study of change and stability of human cognitive, social, and behavioral characteristics across a lifetime.

Front 3

Prenatal

Back 3

Period from conception to birth.

Front 4

When does conception take place?

Back 4

When sperm unites with ovum

Front 5

What is it called when a male sperm and female ovum unite?

Back 5

Germinal period

Front 6

Specialized reproductive cells are ___.

Back 6

gametes

Front 7

Gametes are ___ meaning they only contain half the genetic material required for life.

Back 7

haploid

Front 8

The sperm and ovum merge together to create a ___.

Back 8

zygote

Front 9

The zygote cell divisions occur through a process called ___.

Back 9

cleavage

Front 10

Stem cells

Back 10

Undifferentiated cells that have not undergone epigenetic change.

Front 11

After the many divisions a zygote undertakes, it becomes a mass of cells called a __.

Back 11

morula

Front 12

As the ___ enters the fallopian tube, the uterus begins to fill with ___.

Back 12

morula, fluid

Front 13

When does the embryonic period begin?

Back 13

After implantation in the uterine wall.

Front 14

What two parts does the EMBRYO live in?

Back 14

1) Amniotic sac
2) Placenta

Front 15

What layers does the embryo separate in?

Back 15

1) Endoderm
2) Mesoderm
3) Ectoderm

Front 16

Endoderm

Back 16

- Innermost layer of tissue
- Becomes digestive system, urinary tract, lungs

Front 17

Mesoderm

Back 17

- Middle layer
- Muscle, bones, circulatory system

Front 18

Ectoderm

Back 18

- Outer layer
- Skin, hair, teeth, CNS

Front 19

Neuralation

Back 19

Formation of embryonic nervous system. Forms neural tube.

Front 20

What is the growth of new neurons called?

Back 20

Neurogenesis

Front 21

Neural migration

Back 21

When neurons move, grow, and organize themselves

Front 22

Neural tube

Back 22

Embryo's precursor to the central nervous system

Front 23

Programmed cell death

Back 23

Apoptosis

Front 24

When does apoptosis stop?

Back 24

Apoptosis is ongoing and continues through development.

Front 25

What is the final period of prenatal development?

Back 25

The fetal period

Front 26

Teratogens

Back 26

Materials that can cause development complications of an infant, i.e. alcohol, tobbaco

Front 27

Reflexes are present at birth but...

Back 27

disappear

Front 28

Grasping reflex

Back 28

When you press an infant's palm, they automatically grasp.

At 3 months, they start intentionally grasping.

At 7 months, they reach for their own targets.

Front 29

Motor development begins with movements of the __ and progresses into ___.

Back 29

fetus, adulthood

Front 30

Why are "motor milestones" important?

Back 30

Infants gain:
strength
coordination
ability to move freely

Front 31

The connections through which neurons communicate with each are called ___.

Back 31

synapses

Front 32

Synaptogenesis

Back 32

When new synapses are created.

Front 33

Synaptic pruning

Back 33

When weak synapses are eliminated and reduced

Front 34

Synaptic plasticity

Back 34

Ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time based on their usage.

Front 35

What strengthens neural pathways? In what is this in accordance with?

Back 35

Using neural pathways strengthens them; this is in accordance with SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY.

Front 36

What happens when neural pathways are neglected?

Back 36

They shrink and die.

Front 37

Experience-dependent plasticity

Back 37

Ability of nervous system wire and rewire itself depending on usage

Front 38

Development that does not happen until a certain experience is called ____.

Back 38

Experience-expectant plasticity

Front 39

Myelination

Back 39

Development of myelin sheath around neurons

Front 40

Executive functioning

Back 40

Functions involved in goal-directed behaviour, planning, and problem solving

Front 41

Myelin increases the __ at which ____ transmit info.

Back 41

speed, neurons

Front 42

Puberty

Back 42

When body enters sexual maturation

Front 43

Puberty begins when the hypothalumus secretes __ that signal the ___ to mature and for the ___ ___ to be ____.

Back 43

hormones, gonads, sex hormones, secreted

Front 44

Males produce more ___ during puberty.

Back 44

testosterone

Front 45

Females produce more ___ during puberty.

Back 45

estrogen

Front 46

A female's first menstruation is called ___.

Back 46

menarche

Front 47

Semenarche

Back 47

The first ejaculation of males

Front 48

Testosterone promotes..

Back 48

Growth of pubic hair, muscle mass

Front 49

Estrogen promotes..

Back 49

Growth pubic hair, hips and breast, maturation of uterus and vagina

Front 50

The end of a woman's period and reproductive ability is called ___.

Back 50

menopause

Front 51

With age, the ability to use ___ intelligence decreases and ___ intelligence stays the same or increases.

Back 51

fluid, crystallized

Front 52

Host of diseases that all cause a decline in mental function is called ____.

Back 52

dementia