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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Social Psychology
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The discipline that studies how people think about, influence, and relate to other people
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Social Cognition
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The study of how people use cognitive processes-such as perception, memory, thought, and emotion- to help make sense of other people as well as themselves.
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What is the most important feature of a first impression?
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Physical appearance is the first thing that is available to us, so appearance plays an especially important role in how we first come to percieve others
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Social Schemas
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A general knowledge structure, stored in long-term memory, that relates to social experiences or people
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Stereotypes
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The collection of beliefs and impressions help about a group and its members
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Self-fulfilling prophecy
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A condition in which our expectations about the actions of another person actually lead that person to behave in the expected way
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Attributions
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The inference process people use to assign cause and effect to behavior
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Internal Attribution
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Things in a person (ie personality)cause a person to behave or feel a certain way
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External Attributions
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Things outside a person (ie family, accidents, work, social roles) "cause" a person to behave or feel in certain ways
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Actor-Observer effect
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The overall tendency to attribute our own behavior to external sources, but the behavior of others to internal forces
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Self-serving bias
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The tendency to make internal attributions about one's own behavior when the outcome is positive and to blame the situation when one's behavior leads to something negative
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Fundamental Attribution Error
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When people seek to interpret someone else's behavior, they tend to overestimate the influence of internal personal factors and underestimate teh role of situational factors.
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Attitude
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A positive or negative evaluation or belief held about something, which in turn may affect one's behavior; they are typically broken down into cognitive (thinking or knowledge aspect), Affective (feeling or emotional), and behavioral (action) components
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Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)
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Developed by Richard Petty and John Capioppo. Theory suggests that persuassion depends upon the likelihood that receivers will engage in elaboration of information related to teh persuasive issue.
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Central Route
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Operates when we are motivated and focusing our attention on the message
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Peripheral Route
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Operates when we are either unmotivated to process the message or are unable to do so
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High Elaborators
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A person highly engaged in issue related thinking, attends closely to message, analyze arguements, and reflect on teh message
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Low Elaborators
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DOn't engage in critical thought about a persuasive message
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Cognitive Dissonance
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The tension produced when people act in a way that is inconsistent with their attitudes.
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Latitude of Acceptance
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Range of statements that falls within an area that we generally find acceptable. Perceive a statement as being much closer to our own opinion than it truly is.
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Latitude of Rejection
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Range of statements that fall within an area that we generally find unacceptable. Perceive a statement as being much further from our beliefs than it really is
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Post Decisional Spreading
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Once we have made a decision, we tend to reinforce that decision by seeking out only positive support for it. We will ignore and avoid information that brings our decision into question.
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Social Loafing
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People work less and put forth less effort when they are in a group than when they are working alone.
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Self Perception Theory
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The idea that people use observations of their own behavior as a basis for inferring their internal beliefs
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Groupthink
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The lack of critical thinking about solutions caused by cohesiveness, or togetherness, in the group.
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