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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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"He who has a why to live for can bear with almost any how". Which psychologist believes that this philosophy underpins all psychotherapeutic practice? |
Victor Frankl (existential psychology) |
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Who invented logotherapy and what is the general philosophical underpinnings of it? |
Victor Frankl. Logotherapy = therapy through meaning. Central themes are 'life has meaning', 'under all circumstances central motivation for living is 'will to meaning', we have 'freedom to find meaning', and 'we must integrate our body, mind and spirit to be alive'. |
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Existential therapy is grounded on the assumption that we are ________ |
"free and therefore responsible for our own choices and actions" |
"choice" |
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What does Jean-Paul Sartre say about freedom and our emotional problems? |
The failure to acknowledge our freedom results in emotional problems. This freedom is hard to face, so we tend to invent an excuse by saying "I can't change now because of my past conditioning". Sartre calls this "bad faith". Essentially we are choosing everything we do and that we as people are never static but always making decisions. And any excuse that limits us from not making a decision is just denying ourself of our own freedom. |
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What are the 6 dimensions of the human condition from an existentialist viewpoint? |
1) the capacity for self-wareness 2) freedom and responsibility 3) creating one's identity and establishing meaningful relationships with others 4) the search for meaning, purpose, values and goals 5) anxiety as a condition of living and 6) awareness of death and nonbeing. |
C F I M A D |
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How does existentialism view human nature? |
In a constant state of transition = humans are constantly growing, changing, responding to tensions and conflicts, making decisions. Not fixed. Rejects the psychoanalytic idea of human nature being deterministic |
Rejects the psychoanalytic idea of human nature being deterministic...therefore.... |
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What is Jean-Paul Sartre's idea of inauthenticity? |
Jean-Paul Sartre: "A central existential concept is that although we long for freedom we often try to escape from our freedom by defining ourselves as a fixed or static entity. This is described as the inauthenticity of not accepting personal responsibility." |
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In what therapy would therapists be referred to as a "philosophical companions" or "fellow travellers"? |
Existential therapy ALSO: self-disclosure is key in this Existential therapy is a journey for both client and practitioner and when the "deepest self" of the client meets the "deepest self" of the practitioner, therapy is at its best. |
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What are the main focuses of the initial, middle and final phases of existential counselling? |
Initial - identify assumptions/beliefs/thoughts about the world, question validity, learn to reflect upon these Middle - how to deeper reflect, how to restructure some thoughts and attitudes, values clarification Final - therapist assists client to put what they have learnt into action, to serve purposeful existence |
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According to Deurzen, what issues is existential therapy most appropriate for? According to Schnider et al. (in the textboook), what populations is existential therapy good for? |
Problems with living, either alienated or looking for meaning, people looking to question status quo, looking for new chapter in life Substance abuse, ethnic and racial minorities, lesbian and gay, psychiatric inpatients, also people experiencing life crises (e.g. grief and loss, confronting death, major life decision, contemplating suicide) |
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For short-term existential therapy to be beneficial, what is important at the start of therapy? What is important at termination? |
- More structured than usual (less ambiguous goals) - Client needs to evaluate what has been accomplished at end and what still needs to happen in future |
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What are the benefits of extistential group therapy? |
Clients learn from others - learn about the paradoxes in life, learn from each other, perspective |
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Why does existentialism work in multicultural settings? |
It does not subscribe to one particular view of reality, therefore can fit into different cultural perceptions of reality |
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What are the criticisms of existential therapy? |
Difficult to understand/deliver because there are no set practices; elusive; not very scientific; high level of maturity/training/life experience is required of therapists |
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What are Rodger's (person-centred) three assumptions about human nature? |
- essentially trustworthy - can solve own problems - capable of self-directed growth |
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Which therapy posits that clients are the most powerful agents for change (as opposed to the influence of the therapist)? |
Person-Centred |
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What four concepts distinguish the four developmental periods of person-centred therapy (as the theory developed)? |
First: non-directive counselling (like what happens in MI) Second: renamed the approach to client-centred therapy to emphasise the role of the client Third: emphasis on being open to experiences and trusting in this Fourth: became "person-centred" to identify broad range of application (not just client therapy) |
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What is the main purpose of Emotion-Focused Therapy? (related to person-centred) |
Clients to become aware of their emotions and make productive use out of them |
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Which therapy is underpinned by humanistic philosophy? "provided with the rights conditions people will 'automatically' grow in positive ways" |
Person-centred |
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How does existential therapy and person-centred therapy differ in regards to understanding human nature? |
In existentialism there is no "nature", no internal thing that we can count on, rather we are making choices every minute. In person-centred, human nature is good, have capacity to grow and thrive, self-empowerment |
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Rodgers says that therapist-client relationship is crucial for client change. What are the characteristics of this relationship? |
Therapist is congruent (genuine), client is incongruent; Therapist shows unconditional positive regard; Therapist shows empathic understanding Also no other conditions are necessary |
It's like the stuff that is important in MI |
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Explain congruence (person-centred therapy) |
Genuine, integrated, authentic, open etc. |
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What is therapist presence (person-centred)? |
Being completely attentive and immersed in client problems - listening, accepting, respecting, understanding |
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In person-centred therapy, therapists will generally make observations and interpretations. However in a group setting this is not appropriate. Why? What should happen instead? |
This may make members uncomfortable (singled out). Rather comments should come between member-member. This is consistent with the philosophy that people (clients) can direct change. |
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What are the general principles of Expressive Arts Therapy? (person-centred, Natalie Rodgers) |
All people have ability to be creative; this is healing and transforming; allows us to know our deep selves etc. |
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What are the stages of change? (DiClemente and someone...) |
Pre contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, (also relapse) |
Pre contemplation is the first one |
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Why is person-centred therapy appropriate in multicultural contexts? Why is it not? |
The therapist does not assume the role of an 'expert', rather the client is the expert, the driver of therapy, the source of knowledge. Potentially when exploring values/identity could make issues when personal values are based on collectivist ideas or even just the identity is based within context of other people. Can work around this however, can explore these values but not expect client to individualise self. |
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What is a limitation of person-centred therapy, in it not being particularly structured? |
Some people are seeking structure, advice, to learn skills etc. |
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What is the importance of the relationship between social justice and ACT? |
Makes the workplace more values-based, more accepting of diversity Reduced prejudice against ethnic minorities in society in general |
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What is the difference between reflexive self-consciousness and mindfulness? |
RSC is more concerned with self-control, whilst mindfulness is more concerned about purely observing |
Reactions to thoughts |
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What is the difference between integrative awareness and mindfulness? |
IA is based upon making decisions from fully-informed thoughts, not by external forces. Mindfulness is more concerned about purely observing |
reactions to thougths |
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Positive psych interventions are useful with depression if what is emphasised? |
Positive emotions, engagement, and meaning |
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