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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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attribution
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people's causal explanations for why events/actions occur
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attributional factors
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personal and situational
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fundamental attribution error
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overestimate personal and underestimate situational factors
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actor-observer difference
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attribute our own behavior to situational factors
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self-serving bias
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attribution of personal SUCCESS to personal factors
FAILURE to situational factors |
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post-decisional dissonance
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look at positives of decisions made
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low balling
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make a larger request of someone once they've agreed to a smaller one
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cognitive dissonance
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contradiction between one's attitude and behavior
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foot-in-the-door effect
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comply w/larger request after yes to smaller one
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door-in-face effect
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except smaller request after refusing a larger request
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RELEVANT STRESS SYSTEMS
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sympathetic NS: brain-> adrenal gland->epinephrine release
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-cortex releases glucocorticoids like cortisol cardiovascular system |
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LT stress damage
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damage to arteries, decreased immune system, decreased hippocampal (memory) fct, depression, Cushing Syndrome, decrease size of hippocampus (bc of increase in glucocorticoids)
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STRESS COPING METHODS
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problem-focused coping
emotion-focused coping ->downward social comparisons -> massage, yoga, prayer, etc. |
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use of oxytocin
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causes women's tend and befriend response mechanism
released during orgasm, stress, childbirth |
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co-rumination
what? beneficial? |
mutual problem talk
studies showed immediate effects are increased cortisol levels |
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alexithymia
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unable to experience emotions
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facial feedback
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facial expressions trigger emotion
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James-Lang theory
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physiological responses create emotions
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sociobiology
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explains human behavior through genetics and evolutionary principles
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polygyny
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1 man + many women; occurs when only one parent is essential
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polyandry
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1W + many M
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monogamy
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1M + 1 W; occurs when both parents are essential for survival of offspring
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hedonism
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pursuit of pleasure
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decision making pathway
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sensation-> perception->memory->weighing options
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behaviorism
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focus on observable behavior; behavior based on experiences and learning as opposed to genetics
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cognitive psyc
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acknowledges several processings that affect behavior
->concious and effortful processing ->non-concious processing (w/practice tasks become automatic) |
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mindless processing
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only partially attentive
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problem solving methods
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algorithm-logical steps
heuristic-a rule of thumb or a short cut |
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availability heuristic
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tendency to judge prob. of an event by ease it is brought to mind
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representative heuristic
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tendency to est. prob. that an object belongs to a certain category based on how well it matches rather than statistical liklihood
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base rate
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rate at which something occurs
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framing effect
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relates to how information was perceived based on presentation of problem/scenario
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IQ intelligences
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linguistic, spatial, logical
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emotional IQ
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interpersonal, intrapersonal
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1st IQ test
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Binet test; assigned mental age based on performance and physical age; too lingusitically focused and age assignment problem
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Rosenthal-Jacobsen study
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elementary school study with random students predicted to make largest learning leaps over course of year; showe expectency effect when those students did in fact improve most
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fluid intelligence
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ability to find meaning in confusion and solve new problems
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crystallized intelligence
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ability ot use skills, knowledge, memory, and experience to solve problems
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confirmation bias
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tendency to find evidence that supports current opinion
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serial position effect
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ability to recall items in a list depends on order
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recency effect
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STM increases liklihood of remembering these
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primacy effect
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LTM allows these memories to be best remembered
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Stage Theory
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suggests rehersal in STM is how memory is stored in LTM
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retrograde amnesia
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forgot events before injury
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anterograde amnesia
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can't make new memories since injury
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procedural knowledge
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knowing how; motor skills
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declarative knowledge
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knowing explicit memories; facts
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implicit memory
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used to store procedural knowledge
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explicit memory
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used to store declarative memories
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two types of explicit memory
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episodic-remembing an experience
semantic-knowing facts |
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parts of brain used for explict and implicit memory
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explicit-hippocampus, amygdala
implicit-basal ganglia, cerebellum |
