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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Trait theories
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Formal systems for assessing how people differ, particularly in their predispositions to respond in certain ways across situations.
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psychometric approach
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they seek to identify stable individual differences by analyzing the performances of large groups of people in rating tests or questionnaires.
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Factor analysis
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mathematical procedure that's used to analyze correlations among test responses
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Big Five
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The five dimensions of personality- extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neutriticism, and openness- that have been isolated through the application of the factor analysis
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Cardinal traits
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Allport's term to describe personality traits that dominate an individual's life, such as a passion to serve others or to accumulate wealth. Ex: compelling need to help others
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Central traits
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Allport's term to describe 5-10 descriptive traits that you would use to describe someone you know.
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secondary traits
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the less obvious characteristics of an individual's personality that do not always appear in his or her behavior, such as testiness when on a diet.
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projective personality test
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A type of personality test in which individuals are asked to interpret unstructured or ambiguous stimuli
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Positive regard
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the idea that we value what others think of us and that we constantly seek others' approval, love, and companionship
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conditions of worth
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the expectations or standards that we believe others place on us.
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incongruence
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A discrepancy between the image we hold of ourselves- our self-concept- and the sum of all our experiences
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self-actualization
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the ingrained desire to reach one's true potential as a human being.
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social- cognitive theories
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An approach to personality that suggests it is human experiences, and intrepretations of those experiences that determine personality growth and development.
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locus of control
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The amount of control that a person feels he or she has over the enviornment
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self-efficacy
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the beliefs we hold about our own ability to perform a task or accomplish a goal.
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reciprocal determinism
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the idea that beliefs, behavior, and the environment interact to shape what is learned from experience.
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Person- situation debate
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A controversial debate centering on whether people really do behave consistently across situations.
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self-monitoring
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The degree to which a person monitors a situation closely and changes his or her behavior accordingly; people who are high self- monitors may not behave consistently across situations.
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