Psyc Chapter 7

Front 1

The cognitive revolution

Back 1

When the site of internal mental processes became an acceptable target for research

Front 2

The Atkinson-shiffrin (multi atore) model of memory

Back 2

Stimulus, sensory organ, sensory memory, short term memory, longterm memory

-attention selects sensory memory for further processing

-stm =inform currently on our mind

-encoding transfer info from stm to ltm

Front 3

The sensory memory "store"

Back 3

1. Iconic memory (visual sensory store, 1 second)

2. Echoic memory (auditory sensory store, 5 seconds)

Front 4

Sensory memory "store"

the whole vrs partial, report condition

Back 4

Repeat back as many words as possibly (remember 3-4/12)

Or

Repeat back one line (remember 3-4/4 words)

Front 5

STM (3 thing)

Back 5

1. Change blindness (unless we are paying action to that specific thing we wont notice)

2. Helps us plan and guide actions (last less than 1 min)

3. Chucking (process of chucking "letters" into larger groups

Front 6

Long term memory

Back 6

Vast and unlimited

Organized according to their similarity in meaning

Front 7

The serial position effect

Back 7

Rememeber the beginning and the end of list

1. Primacy effect (remember beginning, encoded in LTM)

2. Recency effect ( remember at end, STM)

3. Proactive interference (infor present first interferes with info later

4. Retroactive interference (info presented last interferes with previous information

Front 8

Working memeory (modern idea)

Back 8

Aka STM

Phonological loop - keep sound based info active via rehearsal

World length effect - shorter words stay in loop longer

Front 9

The visuopatial sketchpad

Back 9

Represent visual info and where objects are in space

Feature binding - see object as a whole bot individual features

Front 10

The episodic buffer

Back 10

Represent combined auditory and viduospatial info and knowledge from LTM store

Front 11

The central executive

Back 11

Coordinates the function of the 3 storage system and directs attention to sensor inputs

Front 12

Declarative memory

Back 12

Memories that involve our conscious mind that we can verbally describe

1. General memory (1st pm of Canada)

2. Life event memory (what did you have for lunch?)

Front 13

Non declarative (implicit) memory

Back 13

Memory for previously learned skill and association

guide our thoughts, feeling and actions automatically and unconsciously

Front 14

Episodic memory

Back 14

Specific autobiographical events in one life

(When was the last time you last watch lord of the rings)

Front 15

Semantic memory

Back 15

General knowledge

Not related to a specific experience (what's a table?)

Front 16

Procedural memeory

Back 16

Knowledge on how to perform action

(Non declarative)

Front 17

Classically conditioned response

Back 17

Type of non declarative memory

Front 18

Priming

Back 18

unconscious influence of a experience on our subsequent thoughts or behaviours

Front 19

Long term potentiation

Back 19

Donald hebb - neurons that fire together wire together

Front 20

Henry molaison

Back 20

Antergrade amnesia - inability to remember events after the brain injury

Retrograde amnesia - cant remember events before

Front 21

Rote learning

Back 21

Merely repeating infor over and over

Front 22

Craik and Watkins study

Back 22

Given 4 diget number and told to repete a word, could remember number not word

Front 23

Maintenance rehearsal

Back 23

Not great

Keeps things fresh but doesn't promote LTM

Front 24

Elaborate rehearsal

Back 24

1. Shallow process

(appearance of word)

2. Intermediate processing

(what word sounds like)

3. Deep processing

(Consider meaning of the word

Front 25

Recall vrs recognition

Back 25

Harder to recall info then to recognize it

Front 26

Encoding speciticity

Back 26

Matching the situation where we remember and where we have to recall helps us remember

Front 27

Context depentdent memory vrs state dependent memory

Back 27

Context - being in same context make remembering easier

State - being in same state helps us remember

Front 28

Mood dependent learning

Back 28

Being in same mood increases chance of remembering

Front 29

Flashbulb memeory

Back 29

Emotional events well "never" forget

Not true (confidants increases but memory is the same as for other events)

Front 30

Herman Ebbinghaus

Back 30

Tested himself by pairing nonsense syllabuses and attempting to remember.

Found

- forgetting curve: forgetting rapid at start.

Front 31

Mnemonics

Back 31

Methods for making information memorable

1. Method of loci (path in park, landmarks = things you need to remmeber)

2. Acronyms (F.A.S.T.)

3. The first letter technique

Basic principle is elaborate rehearsal

Front 32

False memories

Back 32

Often created due to leading questions

-e.g. martinsville daycare

Front 33

Ways to create false memort

Back 33

1. Guided imagery

- imagining what an event from the past would of looked like

2. Imagination inflation

- more you Image an event more likely you think it really happened

3. Doctoring photos

Front 34

Schemas

Back 34

General knowledge in memory about what is typically for a situation

Front 35

Reese resigned McDermott effect (DRM)

Back 35

Present list all related to one word (critical lure)

Everyone remembers seeing the critical lure due to schemas

Front 36

Elizabeth lottus

Back 36

The misinformation effect: when biasing question alter an eyewitness memory for the event they witness (car crash study)

Front 37

Bruck and ceci study

Back 37

Children easily create false memories when mislead