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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior
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learning
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refers to the acquisition of fairly specific patterns behavior in the presence of well-defined stimuli
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conditioning
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type of learning in which a response naturally elicited by one stimulus comes to be elicited by a different, formerly neutral stimulus
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classical conditioning
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studied digestive processes
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Pavlov
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inserted tubes into the salivary glands of dogs to measure how much saliva they produced when they were given food
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Pavlov
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a stimulus that invariably causes an organism to respond in a specific way
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unconditioned stimulus
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a response that takes place in an organism to respond in a specific way
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unconditioned response
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an originally neutral stimulus that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and eventually produces the desired response in a organism when presented alone
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conditioned stimulus
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after conditioning, the response an organism produces when only a conditioned stimulus is presented
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conditioned response
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irrational fears of particular things, activities, or situations
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phobias
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1 month old boy was taught to fear a harmless lab rat
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Watson and Rayner
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some stimuli serve readily as conditioned stimuli for certain kinds of responses
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preparedness
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other types of stimuli do not serve as conditioned stimuli well
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contra-preparedness
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conditioned avoidance of certain foods even if there is only one pairing of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli
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conditioned taste aversion
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conditioned taste aversion was discovered by who?
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John Garcia
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most of our behavior is?
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voluntary rather than triggered by outside events
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behavior designed to operate on the environment in a way that will gain something desired or avoid something unpleasant
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operant behavior
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behavior that is modifiable by its consequences
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operant response
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consequences which increase the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated
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reinforcers
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consequences that decreases the chances that a behavior will be repeated
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punishers
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theory that behavior consistently rewarded will be "stamped in" as learned behavior, and behavior that brings about discomfort will be "stamped out".
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law of effect
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any event whose presence increases the likelihood that ongoing behavior will recu
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positive reinforcers
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any event whose reduction or termination increases the likelihood that ongoing behavior will recur
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negative reinforcers
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it needs to recur immediately following the behavior
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swift
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person has to know for a fact, if they are caught for a certain behavior, they will be punished
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certain
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something that has to be what they don't what to happen
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sufficient without being cruel
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learning that depends on mental processes that are not directly observable
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cognitive learning
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learning that is not immediately reflected in a behavior change
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latent learning
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rat study
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Tolman
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learning that occurs rapidly as a result of understanding all the elements of a problem
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insight
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chimp study
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Wolfgang Kohler
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a view of learning that emphasizes the ability to learn by observing a model or receiving instruction, without firsthand experience by the learner
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social learning theory
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learning by observing other people's behavior
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observational learning
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reinforcement of punishment experienced by models that affects the willingness of others to perform the behaviors they learned by observing those models
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vicarious reinforcement and vicarious punishment
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Bobo Doll study
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Bandura
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