Psyc Ch 6

Front 1

person perception

Back 1

the process of forming impressions of others

Front 2

Name the key sources of information for impressions of others

Back 2

appearance
verbal behavior
actions
non verbal messages
situations

Front 3

snap judgements

Back 3

judgements that are made quickly and based on only a few bets of information and perceived notions

Front 4

systematic judgements

Back 4

taking time to observe the person in a variety of situations and to compare that person's behavior with that of others in similar situations

Front 5

attributions

Back 5

inferences that people draw about the causes of their own behavior, others behavior, and events

Front 6

When are people most likely to make attributions?

Back 6

When they behave in unexpected or negative ways
Events are personally relevant
When they are suspicious about another person's motives

Front 7

Perceiver Expectations

Back 7

expectations about others

Front 8

Name the two types of Perceiver Expectations

Back 8

Confirmation bias
Self-fulfilling prophecies

Front 9

Confirmation Bias

Back 9

the tendency to seek information that supports one beliefs while not perusing disconfirming information

Front 10

Self Fulfilling Prophecies

Back 10

when expectations about a person cause the person to behave in ways that confirm the expectation

Front 11

Cognitive Distortions

Back 11

errors in judgement when perceiving someone

Front 12

Social Categorizations

Back 12

cognitive "short cuts" when we categorize people based on their distinctive features

Front 13

Name the attitudes that are caused by social categorization

Back 13

more favorable attitudes toward the ingroup
views of outgroup people as more alike than they really are

Front 14

stereotypes persist because:

Back 14

confirmation bias
self fulfilling prophecy
cognitively functional

Front 15

fundamental attribution error

Back 15

the tendency to explain others' behavior as the result of personal rather than situational factors

Front 16

How do errors happen in fundamental attribution error?

Back 16

they focus on the person
or they take the situation into account (rare)

Front 17

defensive attributions

Back 17

tendency to blame victims for thier misfortune so one feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way

Front 18

Name the key themes in person perception

Back 18

efficiency (fastest way)
selectivity (ppl believe what they want)
consistency (first impressions)

Front 19

Primacy Effect

Back 19

when initial information outweighs subsequent information

Front 20

overt discrimination

Back 20

old fashioned discrimination

Front 21

modern discrimination

Back 21

privately harbor negative attitudes toward minority groups, but express them when they feel safe to do so

Front 22

authoritarian personality

Back 22

characterized by prejudice toward any group

Front 23

What are the causes of prejudice?

Back 23

authoritarian personality
cognitive distortions and expectations
competition between groups
threats to social identity

Front 24

What are the responses to prejudice

Back 24

ingroup favoritism
out group derogation

Front 25

How do you reduce prejudice?

Back 25

cognitive strategies (overriding stereotypes mentally)
intergroup contact

Front 26

superordinate goals

Back 26

goals that require two groups to work together

Front 27

persuasion

Back 27

involves the communication of arguments and information intended to change another person's attitudes

Front 28

attitudes

Back 28

beliefs and feelings about people, objects, and ideas

Front 29

Source factors are most effective in persuasion when:

Back 29

there is high credibility
expertise and trustworthiness
likable, which is increased when the source is attractive or similar

Front 30

Message factors are most effective when:

Back 30

using two sided arguments
using emotional appeals
creating positive feelings

Front 31

Receiver factors are more effective when:

Back 31

their moods
need for cognition
forewarning
have compatible beliefs

Front 32

Elaboration Likelihood Model

Back 32

our thoughts about a persuasive message are most important in determining whether attitudes will change

Front 33

How are messages perceived?

Back 33

through a peripheral route
central route

Front 34

How do central routes override peripheral routes?

Back 34

receivers must be motivated to learn
ability to grasp the message

Front 35

conformity

Back 35

yielding to real or imagined social pressure

Front 36

compliance

Back 36

yielding to social pressure in their public behavior even though their private beliefs have not changed

Front 37

Solomon Asch Study

Back 37

the same study tarun did in highschool

Front 38

What are key determinants of conformity?

Back 38

group size
group unanimity

Front 39

Normative Influence

Back 39

operates when people conform to social norms for fear of social rejection

Front 40

informational influence

Back 40

operates when people look to others for how to behave in ambiguous situations

Front 41

The bystander effect

Back 41

the tendency for individuals to be less likely to provide help when others are around when they are alone

Front 42

Tips for resisting conformity pressures:

Back 42

be aware of the social influences
identify with someone in the group with the same beliefs
invite a friend with similar views

Front 43

obedience

Back 43

a form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands usually from authority

Front 44

Stanley Milgram Study

Back 44

teacher/learner with the buzzer

demonstrated that people's tendency to obey is strong, even if they are asked to hurt another person

Front 45

Obedience is strongest when:

Back 45

demands increase gradually
take responsibility for their actions
motivations to meet the authority's demands

Front 46

Human nature is determined more by the power of the _______ than by the ______

Back 46

situation
kind of person

Front 47

Consistency Principle

Back 47

once people agree to something they will stick to it

Front 48

Foot in the Door Technique

Back 48

getting people to agree to a small request so that they agree to a larger request later

Front 49

Lowball Technique

Back 49

getting someone to commit to an attractive proposition before its hidden costs are revealed

Front 50

Reciprocity Technique

Back 50

exploits the tendency for people to think they should pay back in kind what they receive from others

Front 51

Door In the Face Technique

Back 51

a technique that involves making a large request that is likely to be turned down in order to increase the chances that people will agree to a smaller request later

Front 52

The Scarcity Principle

Back 52

people believe that if something is scarce, it must be good, and are more likely to buy it