Psyc Ch 6

Front 1

memory

Back 1

the ability to store and retrieve info over time

Front 2

encoding

Back 2

the process of transforming what we perceive, think, or feel into an enduring memory

Front 3

storage

Back 3

the process of maintaining info in memory over time

Front 4

retrieval

Back 4

the process of bringing to mind info that has been previously encoded and stored

Front 5

semantic encoding

Back 5

the process of relating new info in a meaningful way to knowledge that is already stored in memory

Front 6

visual imagery encoding

Back 6

the process of storing new info by converting it to mental pictures

Front 7

organizational encoding

Back 7

the process of categorizing info according to the relationships among a series of items

Front 8

sensory memory

Back 8

a type of storage that holds sensory info for a few seconds or less

Front 9

iconic memory

Back 9

a fast-decaying store of visual info

Front 10

echoic memory

Back 10

a fast-decaying store of auditory info

Front 11

short term memory

Back 11

a type of storage that holds nonsensory info for more than a few seconds but less than a minute

Front 12

rehearsal

Back 12

the process of keeping info in short term memory by mentally repeating it

Front 13

chunking

Back 13

combining small pieces of info into larger clusters or chunks that are more easily held in short-term memory

Front 14

working memory

Back 14

active maintenance of info in short-term storage

Front 15

long-term memory

Back 15

a type of storage that holds info for hours, days, weeks, or years.

Front 16

anterograde amnesia

Back 16

the inability to transfer new info from the short-term store into the long-term store

Front 17

retrograde amnesia

Back 17

the inability to retrieve info that was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an injury or surgery

Front 18

consolidation

Back 18

the process by which memories become stable in the brain

Front 19

reconsolidation

Back 19

memories can become vulnerable to disruption when they are recalled, requiring them to become consolidated again

Front 20

Long-term potentiation (LPT)

Back 20

a process whereby communication across the synapse between neurons strengthens the connection, making futher communication easier

Front 21

retrieval cue

Back 21

external info that is associated with stored info and helps bring it to mind

Front 22

encoding specificity principle

Back 22

the idea that a retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it helps re-create the specific way in which info was initially encoded

Front 23

state-dependant retrieval

Back 23

the tendency for info to be better recalled when the person is in the same state during encoding and retrieval

Front 24

transfer-appropriate processing

Back 24

the idea that memory is likely to transfer from one situation to another when the encoding and retrieval contexts of the situations match

Front 25

retrieval-induced forgetting

Back 25

a process by which retrieving an item from long-term memory impairs subsequent recall of related items.

Front 26

explicit memory

Back 26

the act of consciously or intentionally retrieving past experiences

Front 27

implicit memory

Back 27

the influence of past experiences on later behaviour and performance, even without an effort to remember them or an awareness of the recollection

Front 28

procedural memory

Back 28

the gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice, or "knowing how" to do things

Front 29

priming

Back 29

an enhanced ability to think of a stimulus, such as a word or object, as a result of a recent exposure to the stimulus

Front 30

semantic memory

Back 30

a network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world

Front 31

episodic memory

Back 31

the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place

Front 32

transience

Back 32

forgetting what occurs with the passage of time

Front 33

retroactive interference

Back 33

situations in which info learned later impairs memory for info acquired earlier

Front 34

proactive interference

Back 34

situations in which info learned earlier impairs memory for info acquired later

Front 35

absentmindedness

Back 35

a lapse in attention that results in memory failure

Front 36

prospective memory

Back 36

remembering to things in the future

Front 37

blocking

Back 37

a failure to retrieve info that is available in memory even though you are trying to produce it

Front 38

memory misattribution

Back 38

assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source

Front 39

source memory

Back 39

recall of when, where, and how info was acquired

Front 40

false recognition

Back 40

a feeling of familiarity about something that hasn't been encountered before

Front 41

suggestibility

Back 41

the tendency to incorporate misleading info from external sources into personal recollection

Front 42

bias

Back 42

the distorting influences of present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences

Front 43

persistence

Back 43

the intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget

Front 44

flashbulb memories

Back 44

detailed recollections of when and where we heard about shocking events