Psyc 52-54

Front 1

psychotherapy

Back 1

emotionally charger ineratction between trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties

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eclectic approach of therapy (aka psychotherapy integration)

Back 2

using a blend of techniques from various therapies

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psychoanalysis

Back 3

free assocation= released feelings

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freuds belief of the root of problems

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childhoods residue of repressed impluses and conflicts

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free assocation

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saying whatever comes to mind

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resistance

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blocking of anxiety-laden material

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interpretation

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interpreting why people resist certain memories, and other signficant behaviors to produce insight

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transference

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patients transfer of emotions that are linked with their analyst

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psychodynamic therapists

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try to understand a patients current symptoms on themes across important relationships

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humanistic perspective

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help people recover by realizing their potential for self fufillment

how people grow in self awareness and self acceptance

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client centered therapy

carl rogers

client centered therapy is an example of ...

Back 11

therapist uses techniques such as active listening with a genuine, accepting empathic environment to facilitate client's growth

nondirective therapy

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active listening

carl rogers

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empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies.

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behavior therapy

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applies leearning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

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OH mowrer

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bed wetting= alarm

way to stop bed wetting

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counterconditioning

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behavior therapy that conditions responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors.

exposure, averise

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exposure therapies

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exposing people to fears they normally avoid

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systematic desintitization

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treatment where relaxed state is gradually associated with anxiety triggering stimuli

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progressive relaxtion

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training to relax body by individual muscle group

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virtual reality exposure therapy

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exposing people to simulations of their fears

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averise conditioning

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associates unpleasant state with unwanted behavior

Front 21

therapy and operant conditioning

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positive reinforcers used to shape behavior in a step by step manner

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token economey

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operant condiitoning procedure: people earn a token for exibiting desired behavior, which can be exchanged later for various privelages or treats

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what happens after operant conditioning is stopped

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it is hoped that social approval or a more typical life is to be the reward

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cognitive therapy

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therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting. based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

ex. getting a depressed person to think more positivley

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aaron beck

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gets patients to reverse their catasptrophizing beliefs about themselves

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donald meichenbaum

stress inoculation training

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teaches people to restructure their thinking in stressful situations.

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cognitive behavior therapy

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therapy that combines cognitive therapy (change self defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

getting a OCD person who wants to wash their hands to recognize that it is a compulsive urge, and have them do another enjoyable activity

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family therapy

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views an individual unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members. attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication

Front 29

clients testimonail to therapy's effectiveness

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often speak positivley of it

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people often entering therapy in crisis

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when crises pass, they may attribute treatement to therapy

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clients tendency to believe therapy wsa worth the effort

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self-justifying the therapy

Front 32

clients generally speak kindly of their therapists

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always tend to look at their therapists favorably

Front 33

500 massachuetts boys experiment

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those untreated were just as normal as the others

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placebo effect

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the power of belief in treatment

Front 35

regression towards the mean phenomenon

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tendency for normal events to return towards their average state

Front 36

decline effect

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ESP patients cant replicate their powers

Front 37

clinicians view on therapy

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mos therapists testify to therapy's success

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hans eysneck

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people (treated or not treated) improved. time was a great healer

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meta analysis

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procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

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mary lee smith and meta analysis

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psychotherapy helped ~80% of patients

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natioan institue of mental health results

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those not undergoing therapy often imrpove, but those undergoing therapy are more likley to improve

Front 42

mary lee smith and effectiveness of different therapies

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no one type of therapy is generally superior

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when is therapy most effective

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when the problem is clear cut

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scott lilienfeld

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compared number of times each type of therapy treatment is mentioned on psycinfo to normal web

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francine shapiro

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eye movement desentitization and reprocessing

anxious thoughts vanished as her eyes spontaneously darted about

same result occured without eye movement

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SAD and therapy

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seasonal affective disorder and intense light exposure will relieve symptoms

Front 47

goldfried, strupp, wampold and commonalities amonst psychotherpaies

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hope for demoralized people

new perspective on self and the world

empathic, trusting, caring relationship

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therapuetic alliance

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emotional bond between therapist and client

Front 49

2 things therapies offer

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hope, fresh perspective

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albert ellis and allen bergin

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handbook of psychotherapy and heavior change

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clients perspective on therapy

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people naturally get better: seeking therapy during crisis/regression towards the mean

clients believe in their therapy and that it is going to work

clients generally speak well of their therapist

Front 52

clinicians perspective on therapy

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clinicians are more aware of other clinicians failures

clinicians tend to see themselves favorably

if a patient goes to see another clinicians, the former therapist would proably agree that they developed a new problem

Front 53

general problems of viewing therapy

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spontaneous remission- symtpoms randomly go away

plabeo effect

regression towards the mean

initial misdiagnosis

multiple treatment interference

selective attrition- people who quit therapy are no longer around to speak of it

effort intrisication- justfiy the reason of actually going to therapy

Front 54

best treatment for depression

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behavior, cognitive, combined

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best treatment for anxiety

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cognition, exposure

Front 56

best treatment for bulimia

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cognitive, behavior

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best treatment for phobia

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brhavior

Front 58

best treatment for bed wetting

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behavior modification

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therapy and family perceptions

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usally a good indicator of whether the therapy has worked

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double blind procedure

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two groups who dont no whether they are getting the the actual treatment of placebo

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biomedical therapy

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prescribed medictions or medical procesdures that act directly on the patient's nervous system

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psychopharmacology

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the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

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double blind technique

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half of patients recieve the drug, hald a similar looking placebo

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classical antipsychotic drugs

drug
effects

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thorazine

remove positive symtpoms of schizophrenia

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atypical antipsychotic drugs


drug
effects

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clorazil

blocks dopamine, seratonin receptors to remove neg effects of schiz

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long term use of anti schiz medications: tardive dyskinesia

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involuntary face, tongue and limb movement. possible side effect of these drugs, targets D2 dopamine receptors

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side effects of D1 dopamine receptors (clozapine, risperdal, zyperxa)

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obesity, diabetes

Front 68

antianxiety drugs

drug
effects

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xanax, ativan

depress central nervous systm and reduce axniety/tension by elevating lavels of GABA

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antidepressants

drug
effects

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prozac, zoloft, paxil

selective seratonin reptauke inhibitors (SSRIs) and improve moodes by elevating levels of seratonin by inhibiting reputake

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nuerogenesis

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birth of new brain cells, perhaps reversing stress-induced loss of neurons

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mood stabalizing medications

drug
effects

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lithium carbonate

hsa been used to stablize maniac, bipolar disorders. moderates levels of noreepinephrine and glutamate transmitters

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electro convlusive therapy

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biomedical procedure where patient recieves brief electric current

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repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

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application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain. used to stimulate or supress brain activity

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psychosurgery

lobotomy

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surgery that removes os dretroys brain tissue to alter behavior

procedure cuts the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emtoion controlling centers of the inner brain