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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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transportation influence/draw backs on PA |
how transportation policy infrastructure influence opportunities to be PA and identify the drawbacks to PA |
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history of transportation |
millions of years human moved around like creatures ~4000BC; horse for riding purposes ~3500BC; wheel vehicles invented 1804; railroads 1879; automobile |
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history of public transportation |
~9000-8000BC; people form communities for defense, social/religious reasons 1700/1800s- high $$ for housing,feeding, etc 1800s-railroads, increased transportation 1900s- zoning laws, mandate separation 1945- cars more available |
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up until 1945 americans were.... |
densely populated compact mixed use highly connected * most people people could/did get around on foot, bike, PT* |
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automobile in the US |
use increased in the US b/n 1950-2000 car increase= 5-10 fold in walking, cycling, mass PT |
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commuting by car decrease PA |
car commuters get fewer steps-- 4x less likely to reach 10000 steps a day -longer commute= decrease time spent in PA |
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adverse health consequences of driving |
longer commutes=hypertension, chronic disease, greater BMI/weight gain, stress hormone secretion/sickness/negative mood, decreased social contract (divorce)
*commuting is rated least favorite daily thing, infant of working*
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PT and active commuting increase PA |
high levels of PT= high PA ppl who walk, bike, use PT make recommended PA levels
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benefits of active commuting |
lower BMI, hypertension, diabetes |
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mental health benefits of active vs. non active commuting |
PT/commuting= lower risk of depression active commuting= lower odds of perceived stress from driving
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why do we drive so much? |
better jobs with more pat larger/more affordable homes better schools sager neighborhoods
*people tend to over value their materials (money, house size) and undervalue (free time, social interaction)= still end up happy |
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why are millennials driving less? |
INSERT |
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how can we courage biking? |
INSERT |
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ways to encourage walking? |
make walking safer, more interesting, useful, more comfortable |
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best way to make biking/walking safer |
risks are lower in cities where most of population walks instead of driving
-motorists will decrease their speed and be more cautious for pedestrians -motorists in high biking/walking cities most likely to these activities too |
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build it and they will use it |
ppl living closer to walking facilities will be more PA
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cars are; |
necessary and a valuable source for getting around our communities, when covering long distance or when speed/time is critical |
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range of PT can... |
improve economics of individuals, communities, and the environment |
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complete streets and road diets |
complete streets- stress that are designed to be safe and efficient for all user (pedestrians, bikers motorists, etc.)
road diet- decreasing # of dedicated auto lanes on a street & increase space for PT, walkers, bikers w/o decreasing traffic flow |
