Psyc 370: Ku Brain And Behavior Exam 4

Front 1

What two kinds of migrations occur in the developing neural tube?

Back 1

Radial migration and tangential migration

Hint 1

Diana Dukovcic

Front 2

What two areas of the mammalian brain does substantial neurogenesis occur?

Back 2

hippocampuses and olfactory bulbs

Hint 2

Diana Dukovcic

Front 3

What are the three core symptoms of autism?

Back 3

a reduced ability to interpret the emotions and intentions of others, a reduced capacity for social interaction and communication, and a preoccupation with a single subject or activity

Hint 3

Diana Dukovcic

Front 4

What are 3 of the components of the Wernicke-Geschwind model?

Back 4

1 brocas area
2 angular gyrus
3 primary visual cortex

Hint 4

Whitney Tuley

Front 5

What part of the cortex perceives the written word?

Back 5

primary visual

Hint 5

Whitney Tuley

Front 6

What is a scotoma?

Back 6

an area of blindness

Hint 6

Whitney Tuley

Front 7

Does the human brain developer slower or faster then the brains of other species?

Back 7

Slower

Hint 7

Whitney Tuley

Front 8

What is neurogenesis?

Back 8

growth of new neurons (does NOT happen in adults)

Hint 8

Whitney Tuley

Front 9

_______ is capable of developing into any type of mature body cell.

Back 9

Totipotent

Hint 9

Jeana Potter

Front 10

________ is capable of developing into a limited number of types of mature body cells.

Back 10

Multipotent

Hint 10

Jeana Potter

Front 11

_________ is the main destination of retinal ganglion cells in lower vertebrates.

Back 11

Optic tectum

Hint 11

Jeana Potter

Front 12

__________ is the formation of new synapses.

Back 12

Synaptogenesis

Hint 12

Jeana Potter

Front 13

What is Necrosis?

Back 13

Passive cell death that is characterized by inflammation.

Hint 13

Jeana Potter

Front 14

Which is safer, necrosis or apoptosis?

Back 14

Apoptosis

Hint 14

Jeana Potter

Front 15

_______ is the growth of new neurons.

Back 15

Neurogenesis

Hint 15

Jeana Potter

Front 16

How long is the brain after 20 weeks roughly?

Back 16

20 weeks

Hint 16

Jeana Potter

Front 17

_______ are tumors that grow between the meninges.

Back 17

Meningiomas

Hint 17

Jeana Potter

Front 18

___________ is bleeding in the brain.

Back 18

Cerebral hemorrhage

Hint 18

Jeana Potter

Front 19

The neural tube is present approximately how long after conseption.

Back 19

~24 days, 1st Trimester

Hint 19

Kanon Peterson

Front 20

How many neurons are created in comparison to how many are needed?

Back 20

~ 50% more neurons are created than needed allowing for neuron death to be a normal occurance

Hint 20

Kanon Peterson

Front 21

Thalidomide and Valproic acid given early in pregnancy ~20 days has a high correlation to what mental disorder?

Back 21

Autism, due to the fact it correlates with a shortened brain stem

Hint 21

Kanon Peterson

Front 22

What is the difference between Hemorrhagic and Ischemic strokes?

Back 22

Hemorrhagic strokes occur when a blood cessel ruptures in the brain and spills blood into the blood brain barrier and placed pressure on surrounding brain tissue.
Ischemic Strokes cause cell death by interupting the blood supply to an area of the brain.

Hint 22

Kanon Peterson

Front 23

How does brain size at birth compare to that of an adult?

Back 23

Roughly 3.5 times the size.
Birth: 350 grams
Adult: 1300 grams

Hint 23

Kanon Peterson

Front 24

At 20 weeks, how long is the human brain?

Back 24

5cm long

Hint 24

Nicole Stout

Front 25

What are cells with unlimited potential for renewal?

Back 25

stem cells

Hint 25

Nicole Stout

Front 26

What is the ability to develop into limited types of cells?

Back 26

multipotent

Hint 26

Nicole Stout

Front 27

__________ is the rapid increase in the number of neurons that follow the style of the neural tube?

Back 27

neural proliferation

Hint 27

Nicole Stout

Front 28

Where does neural proliferation occur?

Back 28

ventricular zone

Hint 28

Nicole Stout

Front 29

What are the earliest cells of a human embryo?

Back 29

totipotent

Hint 29

Nicole Stout

Front 30

Also called the "organizer"

Back 30

mesoderm layer

Hint 30

Nicole Stout

Front 31

This develops into CNS

Back 31

neural tube

Hint 31

Nicole Stout

Front 32

The movement of cells from the VENTRICULAR ZONE to the NERVOUS SYSTEM

Back 32

migration

Hint 32

Nicole Stout

Front 33

What are the 2 types of migration?

Back 33

radial & tangential

Hint 33

Nicole Stout

Front 34

What is Broca's area responsible for?

Back 34

It contains motor programs for speech

Hint 34

Caleb Evans 2504813

Front 35

What is Wernicke's area responsible for?

Back 35

It is responsible for language comprehension.

Hint 35

Caleb Evans 2504813

Front 36

What is the neural pathway between Broca and Wernicke's area?

Back 36

Arcuate fasciculus.

Hint 36

Caleb Evans 2504813

Front 37

What is the hallmark symptom of Alzheimer's disease?

Back 37

Episodic memory loss.

Hint 37

Caleb Evans 2504813

Front 38

What are some symptoms of delirium?

Back 38

Alertness, disorientation, agitation, illusions, delusions

Hint 38

Caleb Evans 2504813

Front 39

neuroplasticity

Back 39

-idea that the brain is malleable/changeable
-changes across lifespan due to...
1. environment/learning
2. hormones
3. injury
4 toxicity

Hint 39

Sarah Witebsky

Front 40

the developmental arc: prenatal

Back 40

*building blocks
1. neurogenesis
2. migration
3. aggregation
4. pruning

Hint 40

Sarah Witebsky

Front 41

the developmental arc: post-natal & early development

Back 41

*genes & the environment
1. dendritic branching
2. synaptogenesis
3. myelination
4. pruning

Hint 41

Sarah Witebsky

Front 42

the developmental arc: adulthood

Back 42

*genes & health habits
1. reduced synaptogenesis/dendritic branching
2. long term potentiation (LTP)
3. health habits & neurotoxicity
-alcohol, cardiovascular disease, stroke
4. disease of aging
-alzheimer's disease

Hint 42

Sarah Witebsky

Front 43

developmental changes in neuroplasticity

Back 43

*u shaped curve
-very early damage during critical periods of development in utero results in catastrophic deficits
--damage to developing brains of young children during periods of synaptogenesis & dendritic branching might result in few deficits
-recovery from damage to adult brains is more limited

Hint 43

Sarah Witebsky

Front 44

causes & effects of brain damage

Back 44

1. infections
2. tumors
3. head injuries
4. epilepsy
5. dimentia: cerebrovascular disorders, alzheimer's
6. neurotoxins, genetic factors

Hint 44

Sarah Witebsky

Front 45

how do we diagnose neurological damage?

Back 45

1. neuropsychological exams
-strengths: identify probable diagnosis, assess range of behavioral/cognitive deficits
2. neuroimaging
-MRI, CT scans, localize anatomical & vascular abnormalities/damages

Hint 45

Sarah Witebsky

Front 46

neuropsychologists testing used to identify deficits: language deficits

Back 46

-motor deficits: problems w verbal production
-receptive & expressive aphasia: probs understanding & producing language
-alexia & agraphia: problems reading & writing
-prosody: difficulty understanding emotional content of language

Hint 46

Sarah Witebsky

Front 47

neuropsychologists testing used to identify deficits: sensorimotor deficits

Back 47

-apraxia: movement difficulties
-paralysis
-other sensorimotor deficits (hearing, vision, smell, taste)
-agnosias

Hint 47

Sarah Witebsky

Front 48

neuropsychologists testing used to identify deficits: memory

Back 48

-amnesia: long term memory
-dementia: short term memory
*encoding recognition, recall, retrieval, memory consolidation

Hint 48

Sarah Witebsky

Front 49

What is the VLPFC responsible for concerning memory?

Back 49

Retaining newly stored information (7+/- 2)

Hint 49

Katelyn Johnson

Front 50

What is the dorsal stream of the DLPFC responsible for?

Back 50

Online processing of spatial/location information

Hint 50

Katelyn Johnson

Front 51

What is the ventral stream of the DLPFC responsible for?

Back 51

Online processing of object/person information

Hint 51

Katelyn Johnson

Front 52

What part of the brain serves an important role in storing sensory memories?

Back 52

Inferotemporal Cortex

Hint 52

Katelyn Johnson

Front 53

In role of learning, how does an enriched environment affect the brain?

Back 53

thicker cortices, greater dendritic density, more synapses

Hint 53

Katelyn Johnson

Front 54

differences in left hemisphere?

Back 54

The occipital lobe is larger in LH

Hint 54

Kelsey Milford

Front 55

differences in right hemisphere?

Back 55

Frontal Lobe is longer and wider in RH

Parietal lobe (spatial processing) is longer in RH

RH is important in language processing

Intonation of speech; Language ambiguity

Hint 55

Kelsey Milford

Front 56

n exhort

Back 56

encourage, spur, press, goad

Front 57

synaptogensis

Back 57

definition=the formation of new synapses, depends on the presence of glial cells, exchanged signal between pre- and post-synaptic neurons

Hint 57

Amanda Connolly
KU ID 2156109

Front 58

aphaisa

Back 58

definition= a brain-damage-produced deficit in the ability to to use or comprehend language, two types agraphia and alexia

Hint 58

Amanda Connolly
KU ID 2156109

Front 59

consolidation

Back 59

goes from Pittsburgh...each time the memory is recalled or similar information is added it strengthens the memory

Hint 59

Amanda Connolly
KU ID 2156109

Front 60

prediction of strokes

Back 60

elevated cholesterol, high blood pressure and type II diabetes, can help by not smoking or quitting and eating healthy and lose some weight...

Hint 60

Amanda Connolly
KU ID 2156109

Front 61

role of learning

Back 61

it is important the quality of learning kids has, caused by thinker cortex's, greater dendrinic density and more synapses

Hint 61

Amanda Connolly
KU ID 2156109

Front 62

The neural tube develops into 3 interconnected chambers that become what?

Back 62

Ventricles

Hint 62

Alaina Florez

Front 63

In landmarks of fetal development, what becomes the walls of the Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain?

Back 63

The walls of the chambers

Hint 63

Alaina Florez

Front 64

(True or False) Pruning occurs both prenatally and postnatally.

Back 64

True

Hint 64

Alaina Florez

Front 65

What are the two kinds of retrieval processes?

Back 65

Recall and Recognition

Hint 65

Alaina Florez

Front 66

What type of damage would possibly have occurred if a person cannot recognize correct information?

Back 66

-This mean the information never got stored into LTM
And..
-This problem is caused by damage to the hippocampus/inferior temporal lobe
Damage:
PCA strokes, Some MCA strokes, and Alzheimer's Disease

Hint 66

Alaina Florez

Front 67

When certain areas of the brain are damaged and cause you to have trouble recalling information because a "pathway" has been destroyed (But you recognize the correct answer when you see it), what type of damage would most possibly have occurred?

Back 67

ACA strokes, little Lacunar infarcts, and more limited MCA strokes

Hint 67

Alaina Florez

Front 68

Mental math is considered to be a part of what type of memory?

Back 68

Working Memory

Hint 68

Alaina Florez

Front 69

Neurons and synapses die that are not stimulated by what?

Back 69

Neurotrophic Factors

Hint 69

Alaina Florez

Front 70

With respect to proliferation, most cell division in the neural tube occurs in the what?

Back 70

Ventricular Zone

Hint 70

Alaina Florez

Front 71

What are the two types of cell migration?

Back 71

Radial and Tangential

Hint 71

Alaina Florez

Front 72

What kind of memories does the amygdala store?

Back 72

Emotional memories

Hint 72

Rebecca Temaat

Front 73

The prefrontal cortex is associated with what type of memory?

Back 73

Working memory (procedures)

Hint 73

Rebecca Temaat

Front 74

What kind of memories does the hippocampus store?

Back 74

Spatial memories

Hint 74

Rebecca Temaat

Front 75

What is the most common form of dementia?

Back 75

Alzheimer's Disease

Hint 75

Rebecca Temaat

Front 76

Alertness, disorientation, sundowning, and agitation are symptoms associated with what?

Back 76

Delirium

Hint 76

Rebecca Temaat

Front 77

What is LTP?

Back 77

Long-Term Potentiation: A facilitation of a synaptic signal after a presynaptic neuron is electrically stimulated. Page 290

Hint 77

Heidi Welsch

Front 78

What are the two main properties of LTP?

Back 78

(1) LTP can last for a long time and (2) LTP only happens if the postsynaptic neuron fires after the presynaptic neuron. Page 291

Hint 78

Heidi Welsch

Front 79

What is an NMDA receptor?

Back 79

A receptor for glutamate, which is the main excitatory neurostransmitter in the brain. Page 292

Hint 79

Heidi Welsch

Front 80

In order for the postsynaptic cell to fire (and LTP to occur), what must happen to the postsynaptic neuron before the binding of glutamate?

Back 80

The postsynaptic cell must be partially depolarized so that glutamate binding to NMDA receptors would open Calcium channels. Page 292

Hint 80

Heidi Welsch

Front 81

What glial cells have a large role in LTP?

Back 81

Astrocytes. Page 294

Hint 81

Heidi Welsch

Front 82

What is a bilateral temporal lobectomy?

Back 82

The removal of the medial portion of both temporal lobes; including the hippocampus, amygdala, and adjacent cortex.

Hint 82

Morgan Maxon

Front 83

What is retrograde amnesia?

Back 83

When one cannot remember things that happened before a surgery or injury.

Hint 83

Morgan Maxon

Front 84

What is memory consolidation?

Back 84

The translation of short-term memories into long-term memories.

Hint 84

Morgan Maxon

Front 85

What is reference memory?

Back 85

Memory for general principles and skills required to perform a task.

Hint 85

Morgan Maxon

Front 86

What are place cells?

Back 86

Neurons that respond only when a subject is in a specific location. Many hippocampal cells are place cells.

Hint 86

Morgan Maxon

Front 87

What role does the amygdala play is memory?

Back 87

It has a special role emotional memories.

Hint 87

Morgan Maxon

Front 88

What is NMDA a receptor for?

Back 88

Glutamate

Hint 88

Morgan Maxon

Front 89

What is the primary symptom for epilepsy?

Back 89

Seizure

Hint 89

Morgan Maxon

Front 90

What are the 2 main types of seizures?

Back 90

Partial seizure and Generalized seizure.

Hint 90

Morgan Maxon

Front 91

What does multiple schlerosis attack?

Back 91

The myelin on axons in the CNS.

Hint 91

Morgan Maxon

Front 92

What is the most common cause of dementia?

Back 92

Alzheimer's Disorder

Hint 92

Morgan Maxon

Front 93

What are the defining characteristics of Alzheimer's Disorder?

Back 93

Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.

Hint 93

Morgan Maxon

Front 94

Is Broca's area in the left or right hemisphere?

Back 94

The left hemisphere.

Hint 94

Morgan Maxon

Front 95

Which area is best known for its role in comprehension of language?

Back 95

Wernicke's area.

Hint 95

Morgan Maxon

Front 96

Is Broca's aphasia expressive or receptive?

Back 96

Mostly expressive.

Hint 96

Morgan Maxon

Front 97

What is the main symptom of conduction aphasia?

Back 97

Difficulty repeating words that one hears.

Hint 97

Morgan Maxon

Front 98

What is alexia?

Back 98

The inability to read.

Hint 98

Morgan Maxon

Front 99

What is agraphia?

Back 99

The inability to write.

Hint 99

Morgan Maxon

Front 100

What are the two types of dyslexia?

Back 100

Developmental and Acquired.

Hint 100

Morgan Maxon

Front 101

Do people with surface dyslexia lose their lexical or phonetic procedure?

Back 101

They lose their ability to pronounce words based on specific memories of words: Lexical procedure is therefore lost.

Hint 101

Morgan Maxon

Front 102

What are the 6 causes of brain damage?

Back 102

Brain tumors, cerebrovascular disorders, closed- head injuries, infections of the brain, neurotoxins, and genetic factors.

Hint 102

Morgan Maxon

Front 103

What are the 2 types of strokes?

Back 103

Cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral ischemia.

Hint 103

Morgan Maxon

Front 104

What are the 2 types of infections one can get in the brain?

Back 104

Bacteria and viral.

Hint 104

Morgan Maxon

Front 105

What is apoptosis?

Back 105

A process that helps eliminate extra neurons and plays a role in all types of brain damage. It involves the gradual shrinking of the cell body. Debris are packed into vesicles and removed.

Hint 105

Morgan Maxon

Front 106

Why can PNS neurons be capable of regeneration, while CNS neurons usually cannot?

Back 106

Schwann cells.

Hint 106

Morgan Maxon

Front 107

whats the difference between semantic and episodic memory?

Back 107

semantic: explicit memories or general facts or information

episodic: explicit memories for particular events

Hint 107

Bea Raemdonck

Front 108

what are space cells?
what are grid cells?

Back 108

1)neurons that respond only when a subject is in specific locations
2)enthorhinal neurons that each have an extensive array of evenly spaced place fields, producing pattern reminiscent of graph paper.

Hint 108

Bea Raemdonck

Front 109

what occurs when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures and blood seeps into the surrounding neural tissue and damages it?

Back 109

cerebral hemorrhage

Hint 109

Bea Raemdonck

Front 110

how often does autism occur, and what kind of disease is it?

Back 110

.15% of births and genetic accident that causes neuropsychological disorder

Hint 110

Bea Raemdonck

Front 111

what abilities are in left-hemisphere dominance?

Back 111

words, letters, language sounds, complex movement, ipsilateral movement, verbal memory, finding meaning in memories, speech, reading, writing and arithmetic

Hint 111

Bea Raemdonck.

Front 112

A mass of cells that grow independently from the rest of the body is called what?

Back 112

A Tumor

Hint 112

Abby Krone

Front 113

Benign tumors or metastatic tumors spread throughout the body

Back 113

Metastatic Tumors

Hint 113

Abby Krone

Front 114

A clot carried to the brain from some other part of the body,possibly causing a stroke, is known as what?

Back 114

Embolism

Hint 114

Abby Krone

Front 115

A blow to the head causing brain damage on the opposite side of the head is called what?

Back 115

A Contrecoup injury

Hint 115

Abby Krone

Front 116

What are the two types of seizures?

Back 116

Partial and generalized

Hint 116

Abby Krone

Front 117

What disease is very similar to Parkinson's but is more rare. It is associated with severe dementia.

Back 117

Huntington's disease

Hint 117

Abby Krone

Front 118

An autoimmune disorder which attacks the CNS causing it to harden is know as what?

Back 118

Multiple sclerosis

Hint 118

Abby Krone

Front 119

H.M.'s recovery was due to...

Back 119

a bilateral medial temporal lobectomy--that reduced seizures, but caused antreograde amnesia

Hint 119

Kelly Doran

Front 120

The six tests done on H.M. included:

Back 120

1- Digit Span + 1 test
2- Block-tapping memory span test
3- mirror drawing test
4- rotary-pursuit test
5-incomplete picture test
6- pavlovian conditioning

Hint 120

Kelly Doran

Front 121

patients with cerebral ischemia-interruption of blood supply to the brain- often suffer from:

Back 121

medial temporal lobe amnesia

Hint 121

Kelly Doran

Front 122

Korsakoff's syndrome is a disorder of memory that is common in people who..

Back 122

have consumed large amounts of alcohol consumption

Hint 122

Kelly Doran

Front 123

Although patients with Alzheimer's are often deficient in implicit memory for verbal and perceptual material, there implicit memory for sensorimotor learning is ______

Back 123

not deficit

Hint 123

Kelly Doran

Front 124

what is the most common cause of amnesia?

Back 124

a concussion

Hint 124

Kelly Doran

Front 125

Initial tests done on rats suggests that consolidation of memory usually lasts how long?

Back 125

Between 10 minutes and an hour

Hint 125

Kelly Doran

Front 126

Where are spatial memories stored?

Back 126

Hippocampus

Hint 126

Alexa Hon

Front 127

Where are emotional memories stored?

Back 127

Amygdala

Hint 127

Alexa Hon

Front 128

What type of storage occurs in the striatum?

Back 128

Habit Formation

Hint 128

Alexa Hon

Front 129

What type of memories are stored in the cerebellum?

Back 129

Sensorimotor Skills (such as riding a bike)

Hint 129

Alexa Hon

Front 130

Where is the working memory located?

Back 130

Prefrontal Cortex and example of things stored are procedural memories.

Hint 130

Alexa Hon

Front 131

LTP is related to what type of Learning?

Back 131

Associative Learning (Pavlov)

Hint 131

Tanya Izrailev

Front 132

What is tetanus stimulation?

Back 132

rapid stimulation of a neuron that doesn't allow stimulus reach resting. Causing a high EPSP and higher glutamate release.

Hint 132

Tanya Izrailev

Front 133

LTP is related to what type of Learning?

Back 133

Associative Learning (Pavlov)

Hint 133

Tanya Izrailev

Front 134

What are 2 difference between AMPA and NMDA receptors?

Back 134

1. NMDA is voltage gated and needs to be depolarized.
2. Channel allow Na+ and Ca2+ to enter cell.

Hint 134

Tanya Izrailev

Front 135

What is tetanus stimulation?

Back 135

rapid stimulation of a neuron that doesn't allow stimulus reach resting. Causing a high EPSP and higher glutamate release.

Hint 135

Tanya Izrailev

Front 136

What is a metastatic tumor?

Back 136

A tumor that originates in part of the body (like the heart) and spreads to another organ.

Hint 136

Tanya Izrailev

Front 137

What are 2 difference between AMPA and NMDA receptors?

Back 137

1. NMDA is voltage gated and needs to be depolarized.
2. Channel allow Na+ and Ca2+ to enter cell.

Hint 137

Tanya Izrailev

Front 138

What is a metastatic tumor?

Back 138

A tumor that originates in part of the body (like the heart) and spreads to another organ.

Hint 138

Tanya Izrailev

Front 139

LTP is related to what type of Learning?

Back 139

Associative Learning (Pavlov)

Hint 139

Tanya Izrailev

Front 140

What is tetanus stimulation?

Back 140

rapid stimulation of a neuron that doesn't allow stimulus reach resting. Causing a high EPSP and higher glutamate release.

Hint 140

Tanya Izrailev

Front 141

What are 2 difference between AMPA and NMDA receptors?

Back 141

1. NMDA is voltage gated and needs to be depolarized.
2. Channel allow Na+ and Ca2+ to enter cell.

Hint 141

Tanya Izrailev

Front 142

What is a metastatic tumor?

Back 142

A tumor that originates in part of the body (like the heart) and spreads to another organ.

Hint 142

Tanya Izrailev