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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AGGRESSION:
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intentional behaviour done to cause phsical or emotional pain
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type of aggression: Hostile
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Inflicting pain on someone else
is the main goal |
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Type of aggression instrumental
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inflecting pain on someone else is a means to an end (ie. a boxing match, extortion)
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Social Learning Theory
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We learn social behavior (aggression) by observing others and imitating
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In a meta analysis of 54 studies, participants found violent video use associated with
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Decreased helping
Increased aggressive thoughts Increased anger Increased arousal not limited to children, women men or adults |
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how is social exclusion related to aggressive behaviour
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Humans are social creatures it hurts A LOT when we are excluded
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experiment illustrating relationship between social exclusion and aggressive
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-participants who were not chosen to be in group delivered louder and longer bursts of white noise to stranger
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how does social exclusion hurt, litterally?
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-can be treated with tylenol more successfully than with placebo
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Frustration
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occurs when your goal is blocked
-more likely when you are closer to the goal ie. if someone cuts in front of you when you are second in line than 10th in line |
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how does the colour black effect aggression?
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more likely to make you more aggressive
-players in black more likely ot be given penalties |
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gender differences in agrresssion
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women: more likely indirect agression like gossiping
men: more assault crimes |
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Catharsis
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“blowing off steam”
(performing, watching or imagining an aggressive act) |
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Eros
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freud's instinct towards life
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Thanatos
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-freud an instinctual drive toward death, leading to aggressive actions
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thanatos
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an insitnctual drive toward death, leading towards affressive action
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evo perspective of male aggression
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-belief female will choose the most dominant male
-aggressive jealous so mate wont copulate with others ensuring their paternity |
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the cat that grew up with the art never_____ which suggests that
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attacked the rat.
-this suggests that the aggressive instinct can be inhibited by early experience |
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one example of aggression changing over time
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IRoquois lived peacefully with out hurting other tribes
-After europeans came they were in competition with Hurons over fur, and Iriquois became skilled warriors |
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honor cultures:
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culture that defin male honour in terms of power, toughness and ability to protect ones property
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amygdala
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an area in the core of the brain that is associated with aggressive behaviour
-when stimulated, docile organisms can become violent -still effected by experience |
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serotonin
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a chemical in the brain that may inhibit aggressive impulses
-violent criminals have low levels of it |
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testosterone
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sex hormone weakly associated with aggression
-also associated with social dominance |
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general idea about gender and aggression
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in everday situation men are way more aggressive than girls
=when subjected to insult, women will react almost as aggressively as men -men more likey to interpret ambiguous situations as aggressive -can be affected by social roles -howerever, there is also a biological differences -domestically: women more likely to by physcially aggressive, much less likely to cause serious injury |
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not only is violence more likely to occur when alcohol is involved it also tends ot be more _____
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severe
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how do we know that alcohol plays a causal role in violence?
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placebo and no alcohol conditions both felt more negatively about a described conflict between them and their partner
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examples of physical discomfort and aggression
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putting hand in cold water=more likely to be aggressive to other students
-air pollution, humidity, heat and bad smells |
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frustration-aggression theory
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the theory that frustration, the perception that you are being prevented from obtaining your goal will increase theporbability of an aggressive response
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2 factors that increase frustration
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1. being close to the goal (anticipation of pleasure)
2. when frustration is unexpected |
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relative deprivation
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the perception that you or your group have less than you deserve, that you have been led to expect, or less than what people ike you have
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"the trigger can pull the trigger" what does this mean?
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that aggressive cues like weapons tend to increase levels of aggression
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the link betweeen increased aggression and an agressive stimulus is limited by...
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wether the stimulus is known to be aggressive to the participant: ie. a hunting gun wont be a agressive to a hunter, but will be to a non hunter
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watching violent stimulus increases aggresson the most in....
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people that already have aggressive tendencies
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why does media violence affect aggression 5 pnt
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1. "If they can do it so can I
2. So thats how they do it (imitation) 3. I think it must be aggressive feelings that I'm experiencing (priming, makes it more likely that aggression will come to mind first as a response) 4.desensitization 5. makes you think the world is a dangerous place, making you more apt to be hostile to a stranger |
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how does viewing violent porn effect violence against women?
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-more likely to occur (more likely to give female accomplice electric shocks)
-increase expetence of this typ of violence and decreases sympathy towards the victim |
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punishment as a means to reduce aggression
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-sever punishment is usually an agressive act which is modelling and will increase agression in children
-a mild punishment can make beahviour less appealing -severe sentences dont help, but prompt and unavoidable punishment does |
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study that says that catharsis doesnt work
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-participants who read a pro catharsis report, then were insulted and could punch a punching bag delivered louder and longer white noise to a victim
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committing an overt act of aggression against a person changes ones feelings baout that person in a _______ direction increasing
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negative, increasing the likihood of future aggression
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When and after a nation is at war, national homocide rates increase. This is because 4pnts?
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1.weakens inhibitions against aggression
2leads to imitation of affression 3 primes agresses responses 4 desensitises |
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how to decrease aggressive behaviour
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-distract yourself for a fw minutes or count to 10
-try to objectively explain why you are angry -apologize -model nonagressive behaviour be empathetic (stops dehumanization |
