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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cellular Mechanisms of Learning
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Learning
The process by which experiences change our nervous system and hence our behavior Stimulus-response learning Learning to automatically make a particular response in the presence of a particular stimulus Includes classical (Pavlovian) and instrumental (Skinnerian/Behaviorist) conditioning |
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Classical Conditioning
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The process by which a stimulus that initially produces no particular response (the conditioned stimulus or CS) is followed several times by a stimulus (the unconditioned stimulus or US) that produces a response (the unconditioned response), which results in the conditioned stimulus leading directly to the response (a conditioned response).
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Classical Conditioning
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Ivan Pavlov—Russian Physiologist
Dog salivating. John Watson—American Psychologist “Little Albert” |
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Cellular Mechanisms of Classical Conditioning
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UC (food) Neuron in ss sys - synapse P (strong) and CS (tone) neuron in auditory sys - synapse (weak) --salivation,
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Strengthening Synapses
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Donald O. Hebb (Canadian Psychologist)
In 1949 hypothesized that coordinated activity of a presynaptic terminal and a postsynaptic neuron strengthens the synaptic connections between them Hebbian hypothesis: “Neurons that fire together wire together” Long-term potentiation A long-term increase in neuronal excitability in response to a particular input |
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The Hippocampus
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C-shaped; deep in cortex in rat -> downward/ventral in humans b/c enlarged frontal lobe. Input through perforant path: synapses on dendrites of granula cells w/in Dentate Gyrus (exit). Granule cell: send axons to CA3 pyramidal cells - send axons to CA1. CA 1 Py. cells send projections out of CA1.
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The Hippocampus??
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1) EPSP when schaffer collaterals are stimulated. 2) Strong depol pulses paired w/ EPSPs (stimulus stimulates schaffer collaterals) 3) Stimulus of same strength (weak stim w/ strong post syn stim: strong long term inc: LTP)
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Important Principles of LTP
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Specificity—only those synapses that are correlated with post-synaptic activity should be strengthened
Associativity—those synapses that fire coincidentally with post-synaptic activation should be strengthened |
