Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Which major trends in the healthcare industry have influenced the development of health psychology (4)
|
-Development of gloves (lower rates of infection)
-Development of Blue Cross -Discovery of antibiotics -Health benefits |
|
|
Definition of health has changed over time, and what factors have contributed to that definition (4)
|
-Increased cost of healthcare
-Health: state of physical, mental, and social well being -Behavioral medicine: promotes health and treating disease -Develop. of health psych |
|
|
Know the primary causes of death now and at the turn of the last century and the implications of the differences.
|
-1900: flu, TB, diarrhea
-2000: heart disease, cancer, stroke Lifestyle disorders |
|
|
Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change)
|
Captures process people go through
Used when particular interventions may be valuable at different stages |
|
|
Precontemplation
|
Person is unaware there is a problem.
|
|
|
Contemplation
|
Aware of problem. No commitment just yet.
|
|
|
Preparation
|
Intention to change has been made.
|
|
|
Action
|
Commitment of time and energy.
|
|
|
Maintenance
|
Works toward preventing relapse.
|
|
|
Motivational interviewing
|
Moving to the next step in a stages of change model in a client-centered (non directive) approach
|
|
|
Cognitive behavior therapy
|
Changing behavior by changing thoughts or thinking patterns that cause mood/ behavior problems
|
|
|
ACT
|
Acceptance and commitment therapy
Accepting thoughts and feelings that you don't want and committing to your values |
|
|
Mindfulness based stress reduction
|
Help increase awareness in order to reduce stress through mindfulness meditation
|
|
|
Meditation
|
Looking at the world and past experiences curiously and without judgement
|
|
|
Central nervous system
|
The brain and spinal cord
|
|
|
Peripheral nervous system
|
Somatic nervous system and Automatic nervous system
|
|
|
Sympathetic nervous system (ANS)
|
Prepares body to respond to emergencies
|
|
|
Parasympathetic nervous system (ANS)
|
Restores body to normal state after stress
|
|
|
Limbic system
|
Detect threat, emotional memories, emotional functioning
|
|
|
Endocrine system
|
Complements nervous system in controlling bodily activities
|
|
|
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) Axis
|
Stress causes hypothalamic activation and leads to an increased release of ACTH
|
|
|
Cardiovascular system (3)
|
Heart, blood vessels, and blood
|
|
|
Respiratory system (7)
|
Nose, mouth, pharynx, trachea, diaphragm, abs, lungs
|
|
|
Renal system (4)
|
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
|
|
|
Immune system (6)
|
Lymph nodes, lymphocytes, tonsil, thymus, spleen, bone marrow
|
|
|
Stress
|
A negative emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical/ physiological/ cognitive/ behavioral changes
|
|
|
Theories of stress
|
Selye: First stressor then stress
Lazarus: intergrationist or transactional approach |
|
|
Psychoneuroimmunology
|
Subfield of health psych that emphasizes the interaction of psychological, neuroendocrine, and immunological processes in stress and illness
|
|
|
Selye's Model (Stress) [3]
|
Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
|
|
|
Body's job in stress situations (5)
|
1. Conserve energy
2. Mobilize energy 3. Turn off projects planned for next few hours 4. Turn off growth/ reproduction 5. Turn off immune responses |
|
|
Physiological effects of exercise
|
Increased cardiovascular fitness, circulation, bone strength, digestion, muscle strength, longevity
|
|
|
Psychological effects of exercise
|
Improved mood, decreased anxiety, decreased stress
|
|
|
Sapolsky's research with babboons
|
The higher you are in rank, the less stress you have. The lower you are, the more stress you have.
|
|
|
Calorie
|
Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g water 1 degree Celsius
|
|
|
Basal metabolic rate
|
Body's base rate of energy expenditure
|
|
|
Cholecystokinin
|
Satiety hormone produced by intestine
|
|
|
Ghrelin
|
Appetite stiumulant produced by stomach
|
|
|
BMI
|
Underweight: <18.5
Normal: 18.5-24.9 Overweight: 25-29.9 Obese: 30-39.9 Morbidly obese: 40+ |
|
|
Set point hypothesis
|
The point at which one's "weight thermostat" is set
|
|
|
Obesity Theory - Biological
|
Genetics
|
|
|
Obesity Theory - Psychological
|
Stress leads to eating fatty foods and less fruits
|
|
|
Obesity Theory - Social
|
More prevalent among Blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans
Related to socioeconomic status Cultural variation in ideal body image |
|
|
Treatment for obesity (5)
|
Dieting, fasting, surgery, diet pills, multimodal approach
|
|
|
Anorexia
|
Self starvation, BMI <18, intense fear of weight gain, body image disturbance, amenorrhea for at least 3 months
|
|
|
Bulimia
|
Binge-purge 2x/ week for 3 months
Lack of control over eating, fear of weight gain |
|
|
Anorexic families
|
Competitive, high achieving, overprotective, poor conflict resolution
|
|
|
Bulimic families
|
Alcoholism, substance abuse, less accepted by parents, poor parent/ child relationship
|
|
|
Drug/ alcohol dependence
|
Tolerance, withdrawal, larger doses, persistent desire
|
|
|
Drug/ alcohol abuse
|
Failure to fulfill major obligations, physically hazardous, legal problems
|
|
|
Tolerance
|
Need more to get same effect
|
|
|
Withdrawal
|
No drug = negative effect
|
|
|
Health effects of smoking
|
Increased anxiety, aging, health factors, death
|
