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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Animal Model
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In research, an animal whose behavior is used to derive principles that may apply to human behavior.
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Anthropomorphic error
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The error of attributing human thoughts, feelings, or motives to animals, especially as a way of explaining their behavior.
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Barnum effect
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The tendency to consider a personal description accurate if it is stated in very general terms.
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Behaviorism
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The school of psychology that emphasizes the study of overt, observable behavior.
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Biased sample
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A subpart of a larger population that does not accurately reflect characteristics of the whole population.
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Biological perspective
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The attempt to explain behavior in terms of underlying biological principles.
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Case study
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An in-depth focus on all aspects of a single person.
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Causation
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The act of causing some effect.
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Clinical method
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Studying psychological problems and therapies in clinical settings.
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Clinical psychologist
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A psychologist who specializes in the treatment of psychological and behavioral disturbances or who does research on such disturbances.
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Coefficient of correlation
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A statistical index ranging from −1.00 to +1.00 that indicates the direction and degree of correlation.
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Cognitive behaviorism
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An approach that combines behavioral principles with cognition (perception, thinking, anticipation) to explain behavior.
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Confirmation bias
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The tendency to remember or notice information that fits one’s expectations but to forget discrepancies.
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Control
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Altering conditions that influence behavior.
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Control group
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In a controlled experiment, the group of subjects exposed to all experimental conditions or variables except the independent variable.
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Correlation
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The existence of a consistent, systematic relationship between two events, measures, or variables.
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Correlational method
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Making measurements to discover relationships between events.
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Correlational study
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A nonexperimental study designed to measure the degree of relationship (if any) between two or more events, measures, or variables.
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Counseling psychologist
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A psychologist who specializes in the treatment of milder emotional and behavioral disturbances.
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Counselor
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A mental health professional who specializes in helping people with problems not involving serious mental disorder; for example, marriage counselors, career counselors, or school counselors.
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Critical Thinking (in psychology)
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A type of reflection involving the support of beliefs through scientific explanation and observation.
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Cultural relativity
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The idea that behavior must be judged relative to the values of the culture in which it occurs.
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Dependent variable
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In an experiment, the condition (usually a behavior) that is affected by the independent variable.
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Description
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In scientific research, the process of naming and classifying.
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Determinism
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The idea that all behavior has prior causes that would completely explain one’s choices and actions if all such causes were known.
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Double-blind experiment
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An arrangement in which both participants and experimenters are unaware of whether participants are in the experimental group or the control group, including who might have been administered a drug or a placebo.
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Evolutionary psychology
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The study of how human evolution and genetics might explain our current behavior.
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