Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Scientific method
|
A method for axquiting knowledge by combining (1) the principles of rational thought (that is, logic) with (2) information derived from systematic measurements of the object of study (that is, empirical research)
|
|
|
operational definition
|
A definition that defines a concept in terms of steps and procedures used to measure that concept
|
|
|
descriptive research
|
The methods used to measure and describe aspects of behaviour and experience
|
|
|
reactivity
|
The extent to which an individual's behaviour changes as a result of being observed; the behaviour is altered in reaction to being observed
|
|
|
external validity
|
The extent to which the results of an observation generalize to other situations or are representative of real life
|
|
|
Naturalistic observation
|
A research technique that involves recording only naturally occurring behaviour; as opposed to behaviour produced in the laboratory
|
|
|
case study
|
A descriptive research technique in which the research effort is focused on one or a few individuals who are studied in great depth
|
|
|
survey
|
A descriptive research technique designed to gather limited amounts of information from many people, usually by administering a questionnaire
|
|
|
Random sampling
|
A procedire for selecting a representative subset of a target population; the procedure guarantees that everyone in the population has an equal likelihood of being selected for the sample
|
|
|
correlation coefficient
|
A statistic that indicates whether two variables are related or vary together in a systematic way; vary from +1.00 (perfect positive relationship) to -1.00 (perfect negative relationship)
|
|
|
experimental method
|
A technique in which the investigator actively manipulates or alters some aspect of the environment independently of other variables and observes the effect of the manipulation of behaviour
|
|
|
independent variable
|
The aspect of the environment that is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment; manipulation must consist of at least two conditions
|
|
|
dependent variable
|
the behaviour that is measured in an experiment
|
|
|
confounding variable
|
An uncontrolled variable that changes along with the independent variable
|
|
|
internal validity
|
The extent to which an experimenter has effectively controlled for confounding variables; internally valid experiments allow for the determination of causality
|
|
|
random assignment
|
A technique that ensures that each participant in an experiment has an equal chance of being assigned to any of the conditions in the experiment
|
|
|
placebo
|
An inactive, or inert, substance or treatment that resembles an experimental substance or treatment
|
|
|
single-blind study
|
An experimental design in which the participants do not know to which of the conditions they have been assigned (e.g. experimental vrs control); used to control for subject expectancies
|
|
|
double-blind study
|
An experimental design in which neither the participants nor the research observers are aware of who has been assigned tot he experimental and control groups; used to control for both subject and experimenter expectancies.
|
|
|
mean
|
The arithmetic average of set of scores, obtained by dividing the sum of all scores by the number of scores.
|
