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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a drug or poison that decreases the activity of one or more neurotransmitters?
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antagonist
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Why is progesterone the main ingredient in birth control pills?
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It maintains pregnancy and therefore makes the body believe it is pregnant.
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What is the function of noradrenalin and adrenalin?
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They prepare the body for action.
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What hormone is released from the testes?
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androgens
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What is the function of progesterone?
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Maintaining pregnancy
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What is the function of estrogen?
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Female reproductive processes
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What hormones are released at the ovaries?
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Estrogen, progesterone
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What is the microscopic gap between neurons across which neurotransmitters travel to carry their messages to other neurons?
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synaptic gap (synapse)
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What is the insulating layer covering axons that allows for faster neural impulse?
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Myelin sheath
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What is the long, singular fiber projecting out of the cell body of a neuron whose function is to conduct the neural impulse from the cell body to the axon terminals?
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axon
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What are the fibers projecting out of the cell body of a neuron whose function is to receive info from the other neurons?
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Dendrites
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What is the part of the neuron that contains its nucleus?
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Cell body
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What is the neurological problem that causes Alzheimer's disease?
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a loss of acetylcholine
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What is the neurological problem that causes endogenous depression?
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Underactive serotonin and norepinephrine
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What are the two pathways of action for the hypothalamus once the system is activated?
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The release of adrenaline and epinephrine or the release of cortisol
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What are the two pathways of action for the hypothalamus once the system is activated?
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The release of adrenaline and epinephrine or the release of cortisol
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What are two possible immediate effects of the release of adrenaline?
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1) Changes in the blood chemistry
2) Release of glucose or endorphins |
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What are three immediate effects of cortisol release from the hypothalamus?
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1) Helps recover energy
2) Regulation of hunger 3) Triggers the immune system |
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What problems can stem from the over-release of adrenaline?
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1) Hardening of arteries
2) Coronary disease 3) Strokes 4) Hypertension 5) High blood pressure |
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What are problems that can stem from the over-release of cortisol?
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1) Inhibition of immune system
2) Damage to hippocampus and amygdala 3) Weight gain |
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What are problems that can stem from a lack of cortisol?
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Auto-immune diseases such as diabetes
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What are the appropriate ways to reduce stress?
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1) Low-fat diet
2) Exercise 3) Regular sleep pattern 4) Limite intake of recreational drugs 5) Social support |
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How do low-fat diets combat stress?
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Prevent the decrease of BDNF which stimulates neuro-development in the hippocampus
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How does regular sleep combat stress?
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Prevents the over-release of cortisol which is caused by sleep deprivation
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How does exercise combat stress?
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Increases BDNF and increases prolactin which can reduce anxiety
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How does limiting alcohol help to combat stress?
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Prevents the over-release of cortisol which alcohol increases.
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How does social support combat stress?
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It increases oxytocin which lowers cortisol release and sympathetic arousal
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What are the 3 main points of evolutionary theory?
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1) adaptation
2) phyletic change 3) speciation |
