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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Explain Radical Behaviorism
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B.F. Skinner's proposition that behavior is due to a history of reinforcers and conditioning. (1930s)
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Name the gradual formation of association between a conditioned and an unconditioned stimulus.
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acquisition
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Stimulus generalization
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respond to things not identical to CS to get the CR
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Stimulus discrimination
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if a similar stimuli always produces no response the animal will learn to distinguish between them
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second order conditioning
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when other stimulus is associated to the US and the CS is associated to that FIRST stimulus
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Experiment that proved classical conditioning can induce phobias
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Watson's "Little Albert"
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cognitive model of classical conditioning (1972)
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Rescorla-Wagner Model; states strength of CS-US association depends on extent that the CS is unexpected
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law of effect
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Thorndike's theory of learning; established with puzzle box; states that behavior will occur more if it leads to "satisfying state" and less if it leads to "annoying state"
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Reinforcer
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something that makes a behavior happen (because it is reinforced)
SKINNER'S take on the law of effect |
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How does shaping reinforce behavior?
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it gradually reinforces increasingly similar things until you get the desired behavior
(kids learning to write) |
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secondary vs. primary reinforcers...difference?
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primary - reinforcers that satisfy biological needs (food, sex, water)
secondary - not bio and established through classical conditioning |
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What did Premack discover about reinforcers?
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some reinforcers are stronger than others. more valued activity can be used to reinforce performance of a less valued one
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What is the partial-reinforcement extinction effect?
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when a behavior takes longer to become extinct because the subject has to do the behavior more times and never knows when it will happen or not happen (doesn't attribute that much to it not happening)
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latent learning
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learning w/o reinforcement
Tolman |
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meme
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unit of knowledge transferred within a culture (generation to generation...monkeys learned to wash sweet potatoes)
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What study was the Bobo study and what did it demonstrate?
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The Bandura Observational Studies, proved that one can learn from observation
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modeling
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imitating behavior through observational learning
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vicarious learning
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people learn about consequences to behaviors by observing
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What neurotransmitter is crucial for reinforcement?
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Dopamine, gets released when good things happen, teaches you to do those good things to get it released more.
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Hebb's quote "cells that fire together wire together" demonstrates what concept
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Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) - biological basis of learning
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Difference between Habituation and Generalization?
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Habituation is the reducing of behavior due to long exposure
Generalization is the inclusion of stimuli similar to a CS in the CR |
