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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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According to DSM IV, what is needed for a MR Diagnosis?
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Sub average intelligence below 70 IQ and a low level of adaptive function in 2 areas:
communication, self-care, social skills, self-direction, health, and safety |
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How does AAMR differ from DSM IV with respect to diagnosis of MR?
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Base MR diagnosis on how much support a person needs in the environment.
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T/F
Children with MR are very similar in their level of functioning. |
False
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T/F
MR occurs/is diagnosed more among children from minority groups. |
True
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List 5 facts about MR
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Children with MR vary widely in their degree of disaability and level of fn.
MR occurs in 1-3% of the population and > in males. Children with MR go thru the same developmental stages as normal kids but expectation of failure and frustration cause them to achieve lower levels. Both genetic and environmental factors play a powerful role in intelligence. |
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List some causes of MR
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There are 1,000 genetic disorders associated with MR.
A genetic or environmental cause is known for 66% individuals with profound or mild MR. Lack of Oxygen at birth. Meningitis. |
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List 5 facts about Down Syndrome.
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DS kids are very sociable and easy to get happy.
They have language problems and language deficits. |
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What are some protective factors for stress?
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Positive attachment to someone
self efficacy and self esteem timing of events cognitive factors (how you appraise a situation) previous experience and if you were successful |
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What is the basis of respondent conditioning?
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Learning occurs when things are paired.
Needle (UCS) ---> Pain (UCR) Dr. (CS) ---> Pain (CR) |
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What is operant conditioning?
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Learning is a result of consequences that follow behavior.
reinforcement - inc rate of behavior. punishment - dec rate of behavior |
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What is the difference between positive and negative punishment?
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Positive Punishment - take away something good.
Negative Punishment - add something aversive |
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What is extinction?
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Extinction is removing the positive reinforcement that was maintaining the behavior.
If a kid tantrums to get candy, remove the attention when they carry on. You took away what maintained the behavior. |
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A child watches another person perform a behavior they already know and they become more likely to do it.
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Response Facilitation
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A child will copy a behavior that they fear to do if they see someone else do it and they have no punishment or negative outcome.
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Disinhibitory Modeling
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A child is less likely to perform a behavior if they see someone get punished for it.
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Inhibitory Modeling
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List 5 facts about children with Autism
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Is a spectrum disorder because there is a wide range of abilities.
Have deficits in 3 main areas -Social interaction poor eye contact, lack of interest in others, socially detached, lack of empathy -language -significant delays in language, some only acquire a few words -Behavior is restrictive and repetitious, obsessive. Motor behavior - rock back and forth, hand flap -Tantrums, agression, self-injury. |
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What do problem behaviors result from?
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Problem behaviors result from a mismatch between the person's abilities and the demands of the environment.
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How can problem behaviors be dealt with?
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Change environment
Teach skills to deal with environment |
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What is important in making a replacement behavior successful?
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The replacement behavior must
1. serve the same function. 2. must be efficient |
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What is the most effective treatment for autism?
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Early behavior intervention
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When stimuli are given over and over, and the appropriate responses are reinforced:
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Discrete Trial Training
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The response is given. Gradually give up step by step moves till they can do it completely
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Prompting
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Break behavior into steps and reinforce along the way.
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Shaping
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Link together small behaviors that form a larger one. Break a complex skill into small components.
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Chain
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