Psy3051 - Personality - Eysenck - Chapter 7

Front 1

Eysenck's three factor theory is part of what other broader theory of personality?

Back 1

Trait Theory

Front 2

What did Eysenck emphasise in this theory that is particularly noteworthy?

Back 2

Biological foundations

Front 3

What statistical technique influenced Eysenck?

Back 3

factor analysis

Front 4

What did Eysenck mean when he said that trait theories are circular? What did Eysenck suggest to break out of this circular logic?

Back 4

because how you describe and explain someones behaviour used the same words and therefore goes around in logical circles.
The circle can be broken by identifying the biological systems that correspond with the trait

Front 5

What did Eysenck use that went beyond Cattells set of traits?

Back 5

used secondary factor analysis to identify a simple set of factors that were independent, not correlated with each other.

Front 6

What did Eysenck call the secondary factors that he identified?

Back 6

traits or superfactors

Front 7

What are the three superfactors or traits identified by Eysenck?

Back 7

Extraversion, Neuroticism and Psychoticism

Front 8

Explain Eysenck's Psychoticism.

Back 8

Agressive, lack of empathy, interpersonal coldness, antisocial behavioural tendencies.

Front 9

What measure did Eysenck use to tap the three traits he identified?

Back 9

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

Front 10

Which of Esyenck's traits did he find a biological base?

Back 10

Extraversion

Front 11

What were factor 1 and factor 2 in Eysenck theory and how did he describer them?

Back 11

Factor 1 Neuroticism - How unstable are people
Factor 2 - Extraversion - How do they express stability

Front 12

What are two broad ways Eysenck combine his factors to describer two different types of people originally?

Back 12

Unstable/Extraverts - hysterics (restless, agressive, low achievers, body symptoms, quick but innacurate)
Unstable/Introverts - dysthymics (phobic, depressed, self conscious, day dream, slow but accurate)

Front 13

According to Eysenck's biological model what is introversion and extraversion based on?

Back 13

cortical arousal levels

Front 14

Do introverts have high or low cortical arousal levels?

Back 14

high

Front 15

What do introverts easily experience in response to the external environment?

Back 15

overarousal

Front 16

Extraverts experience less cortical arousal than introverts from a given stimulus and therefore seek out what?

Back 16

more intense social experiences

Front 17

How do introverts and extraverts influenced by punishment and rewards?

Back 17

Introverts are more influenced by punishment
Extraverts are more influenced by reward

Front 18

What pieces of evidence did Eysenck use to support his biological theory?

Back 18

1. Involuntary rest period - tapping fingers extraverts require more rest periods
2. Lemon drop test - introverts more sensitive to stimulation and therefore salivate more
3. Drug studies - require less drugs to effect change ie. caffeine, alcohol

Front 19

Did introverted or extraverted dogs respond better to pavlovs classical conditioning? Why?

Back 19

Introverts because they have higher cortical arousal and are more sensitive to stimulation. Extraverted dogs lose interest in the activity.

Front 20

Are introverts or extraverts more socialised? Why?

Back 20

introverts are more oversocialised because they condition to experiences and learn rules mored easily

Front 21

Where introverts or extraverts more tough-minded and rigid?

Back 21

introverts

Front 22

Explain Eysenck's link between Neuroticism and the Yerkes-Dodson performance model?

Back 22

Neurotics more likely to experience over arousal of negative emotions when aroused due to excessive discharge in the hypothalamus and limbic system.

Front 23

What % of personality did Eysenck attribute to genetic factors?

Back 23

40 to 60%

Front 24

What do levels of E have to do with?

Back 24

how well or how poor you become socialised

Front 25

What do levels of N have to do with?

Back 25

the degree of emotionality associated with checks on socialisation

Front 26

According to Eysenck what is an EN?

Back 26

a person who is undersocialised due to under aroused cortex and who respond emotionally and therefore act out.

Front 27

How did Eysenck propose that that token economies could help EN's?

Back 27

use operant conditioning to reward positive behaviours

Front 28

How did the token economy fail in the criminal population?

Back 28

criminals reverted to old behaviours when they left the prison

Front 29

According to Eysenck what is an IN?

Back 29

a person who is oversocialised and uses strong emotions to inhibit bad behaviour/thoughts. Tend to develop inappropriate responses such as phobias and anxiety.

Front 30

In what two ways did Eysenck suggest that phobias and anxiety be treated?

Back 30

1. systematic desensitisation
2. implosive therapy

Front 31

People high on psychoticism may show what types of behaviour?

Back 31

1. hostility towards others even family
2. enjoy unusual things and stand out as peculiar
3. loners
4. like to ridicule others
5. criminal behaviour
6. socially clumsy

Front 32

What were the three sources of evidence that Cattell used?

Back 32

1. school history and work records
2. questionnaires and interviews
3. observation

Front 33

What was the main limitation of Cattells theory?

Back 33

could not be replicated

Front 34

What did Cattells theory look at that the NEO doesn't?

Back 34

Ability

Front 35

What are the three main limitations of Trait theory?

Back 35

1. Does not account for situational variability
2. Doesn't account for levels of self monitoring
3. Fundamental Attribution Error where we tend to assess behaviours as personality traits