Psy3051 - Personality - Chpt 3 - Psychodynamic Theory

Front 1

What was fundamental to Freuds development of psychoanalysis?

Back 1

self-analysis

Front 2

What is the name of the technique where the person being analysed allows all of his or her thoughts to come forth without inhibition or falsification of any kind?

Back 2

free association

Front 3

What is the purpose of free association?

Back 3

that letting ones thoughts flow freely will reveal unconscious material

Front 4

In what year did Freud publish the interpretation of dreams?

Back 4

1900

Front 5

How did Freud view the body?

Back 5

as a mechanistic energy system

Front 6

Freuds theory of personality is fundamentally a theory of what?

Back 6

mind

Front 7

A scientific model of the overall architecture of mental structures and processes is known as what?

Back 7

a theory of mind

Front 8

Frued's view of mental energies includes what three ideas?

Back 8

1. there is a limited amount of energy
2. energy can be blocked and subsequently expressed through the path of least resistance
3. the mind functions to achieve a state of quiescence

Front 9

According to Freudian theory what is the goal of all behaviour?

Back 9

the pleasure that results form the reduction of tension or the release of energy

Front 10

Where did Freud get his idea that the mond is an energy system?

Back 10

From medical training that matter and energy can be transformed but not destroyed

Front 11

What is hysteria or somatisation disorder?

Back 11

emotional disorders that manifest themselves into physical symptoms

Front 12

What term describes the release and freeing of emotions by talking about one's problems?

Back 12

catharsis

Front 13

How did Anna O relief herself of hysteria?

Back 13

through catharsis

Front 14

What two things did the use of catharsis indicate to Freud?

Back 14

1. confirmation that the mind is an energy system
2. that there is an unconscious as people were not aware of the symptoms being linked to the emotional problem or trauma

Front 15

In psychoanalysis what two drives are an inborn part of human nature?

Back 15

sexual and agressive drives

Front 16

What principle is used to describer the fact that individuals seek gratification of the sexual an agressive drives?

Back 16

pleasure principle

Front 17

What is the role of society in relation to the pleasure principle?

Back 17

to curb sexual and agressive drives

Front 18

What evidence type did Freud base psychoanalytic theory on?

Back 18

case studies

Front 19

What are the three levels of awareness proposed by Freud?

Back 19

1. Conscious
2. Preconscious
3. Unconscious

Front 20

What are thoughts we are aware of at any given time?

Back 20

conscious thoughts

Front 21

What are thoughts that we can easily become aware of if we pay attention to them?

Back 21

preconscious thoughts

Front 22

What are thoughts that we are unaware of and cannot easily become aware of except under special circumstances?

Back 22

unconscious thoughts

Front 23

According to Freud why do we remain unaware of unconscious thoughts?

Back 23

because they are so traumatic or socially unacceptable that consciously thinking about them provokes anxiety

Front 24

What are Freuds two model of the mind?

Back 24

1. Levels of awareness
2. Functional systems

Front 25

According to Freud, what are the three distinct mental systems that carry out a particular type of psychological functioning?

Back 25

1. Id
2. Ego
3. Superego

Front 26

Describe the id.

Back 26

The id is the original source of unconscious energy that seeks the release of excitation or tension. The id pursues pleasure and avoids pain.

Front 27

What is the function of the ego?

Back 27

to express and satisfy the desires of the id in accordance with the opportunities and constraints that exist in the real world and the demands of the superego.

Front 28

In what two ways can the id seek satisfaction?

Back 28

through action or by fantasy

Front 29

The id operates according to what principle?

Back 29

the pleasure principle

Front 30

The function of the superego involves which aspects of human behaviour?

Back 30

moral and ethical

Front 31

What feelings are generated if moral or ethical standards are violated?

Back 31

guilt

Front 32

The superego controls behaviour by offering what as rewards and what as punishment?

Back 32

rewards - feelings of pride and self love
punishment - feelings of guilt and inferiority

Front 33

Excessive use of the words good, bad, judgement and trial express a strict what?

Back 33

superego

Front 34

The id seeks pleasure and the superego seeks perfection, what does the ego seek?

Back 34

reality

Front 35

What function of the mind is capable of delaying gratification of pleasure with the least pain or negative consequence?

Back 35

the ego

Front 36

What happens to the ego of the course of childhood?

Back 36

it develops more complex functioning

Front 37

What are the sources of all psychic energy that lie in states of excitation in the body, seek expression or tension reduction?

Back 37

instincts or drives

Front 38

What were the two main instincts in Freuds theory?

Back 38

life instinct and death instinct

Front 39

What name did Freud give to the life instinct that propelled people towards preservation and reproduction?

Back 39

libido

Front 40

Which instinct remains one of the most controversial and least accepted parts of psychoanalytic theory?

Back 40

the death instinct

Front 41

What instinct did Freud feel was often turned away from oneself towards others in acts of aggression?

Back 41

the death instinct

Front 42

The interplay between _______ and ______ of instincts forms the foundation of the dynamic aspects of psychoanalytical theory.

Back 42

expression and inhibition

Front 43

Anxiety is pain alerting the ego to act, anxiety develops out of the conflict between what two forces?

Back 43

the push of the id and the threat of punishment by the superego.

Front 44

What are the particular regions of the body that Freud theorised instinctual drives tend to center on?

Back 44

erogenous zones

Front 45

The idea that different parts of the body were are the primary focus at different stages of early developed culminated in what theory?

Back 45

Psychosexual stages of development.

Front 46

What are the 5 psychosexual stages of development?

Back 46

1. oral
2. anal
3. phallic
4. latency
5. genital

Front 47

Describe the oral stage, age of development, fixation, adult characteristics?

Back 47

focussed on mouth area
onset birth to 1
fixation is too much or too little gratification through mouth
passive agressive, over demanding, dependent etc

Front 48

Describe the anal stage, age of development, fixation, adult characteristics?

Back 48

focussed on anus
onset 2 to 3 years
fixation where parental control is too much or too little
retentive, expulsive, if too much praise then creative, generous, if too harsh may rebel then destructive, temper tantrums messy

Front 49

Describe the phallic stage, age of development, fixation, adult characteristics?

Back 49

focussed on genitals
onset 4 to 5 years
fixation over or under identification with parent
excessive vanity & pride, need to win/competitive, marry attractive men like father/mother

Front 50

What are personality types seen in terms of according to Freud?

Back 50

dysfunctional behaviour where behaviour is symbolic of fixation at an earlier stage in life.

Front 51

According to Freud change is effected through the resolution of conflicts when what is brought into consciousness?

Back 51

unconscious material

Front 52

How is unconscious material brought into conscious awareness?

Back 52

Through dreams, projections, transference and free association.