Psy3032 - Abnormal Psychology Week 6B Paraphilias

Front 1

What group of disorders is collectively described as recurrent sexual attraction to unusual objects or sexual activities lasting at least 6 months?

Back 1

Paraphilias

Front 2

The DSM differentiates paraphilias based on what?

Back 2

the source of arousal

Front 3

What percentage of men report voyeuristic fantasies of peeping at unsuspecting naked woman?

Back 3

50%

Front 4

What percentage of men reported that they had been aroused by spying on others having sex?

Back 4

7.7%

Front 5

What percentage of men reported that they had been aroused by exposing their genitalia to a stranger at least once during their lifetime?

Back 5

3.1%

Front 6

Paraphilias are primarily disorders of what?

Back 6

sexual arousal

Front 7

Paraphilias are only diagnosed when they cause what?

Back 7

marked distress or impairment or engages non-consenting others

Front 8

In which gender are paraphilias rare?

Back 8

in woman

Front 9

Impairment and engagement of nonconsenting others are important boundaries between what?

Back 9

normative and problematic sexual behaviour

Front 10

Prevalence on paraphilias are generally what?

Back 10

underestimated

Front 11

What disorders are commonly comorbid with paraphilia?

Back 11

Mood, anxiety, substance abuse disorders

Front 12

What is the source of arousal for Fetishistic Disorder?

Back 12

An inanimate object or non-genital body part

Front 13

What is the source of arousal for Transvestic Disorder?

Back 13

Cross-dressing

Front 14

What is the source of arousal for Voyeuristic Disorder?

Back 14

Watching unsuspecting others undress or having sex

Front 15

What is the source of arousal for Exhibitionistic Disorder?

Back 15

Exposing genitals to an unwilling stranger

Front 16

What is the source of arousal for Frotteuristic Disorder?

Back 16

Sexual touching of an unsuspecting person

Front 17

What is the source of arousal for Pedohebephilic Disorder?

Back 17

Children

Front 18

What is the source of arousal for Sexual Sadism Disorder?

Back 18

Inflicting Pain

Front 19

What is the source of arousal for Sexual Masochism Disorder?

Back 19

Receiving Pain

Front 20

Which paraphilia in the DSM-5 is characterised by the recurrent and intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviours involving the use of non living objects or nongential body parts for at least 6 months?

Back 20

Fetishistic Disorder

Front 21

Which part of fetishistic disorder criteria has been added to the DSM 5?

Back 21

nongenital body parts

Front 22

Onset of fetish.

Back 22

Adolescence

Front 23

What do people with fetishistic disorder often also have?

Back 23

another paraphilia such as pedohebephilia, sadism, and masochism disorders.

Front 24

What paraphilia is characterised in the DSM-5 by the recurrent & intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviours involving cross-dressing lasting for 6 months?

Back 24

Transvestic Disorder

Front 25

What differential diagnosis should be considered for people with Transvestic Disorder?

Back 25

Female Impersonators & GID

Front 26

What compensatory behaviour is often found in people with Transvistic Disorder?

Back 26

males associating with 'macho' organisations or activities

Front 27

Prevalence of Transvistic Disorder for more than one episode.

Back 27

2.8% males
0.4% females

Front 28

What disorder often coexists with Transvistic Disorder?

Back 28

Masochism

Front 29

What paraphilia is characterised by recurrent and intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviours involving the observation of unsuspecting others who are naked, disrobing, or engaged in sexual activity and has acted on this urge with more than three unsuspecting people of separate occasions?

Back 29

Voyeuristic Disorder

Front 30

Prevalence of voyueristic disorder

Back 30

unknown

Front 31

Onset of voyueristic disorder

Back 31

adolescence

Front 32

How do people with voyeuristic disorder orgasm?

Back 32

by masturbation while watching or later by remembering the peeping

Front 33

What do people with voyueristic or exhibitionistic disorder seldom do?

Back 33

make contact with the person they peeped on

Front 34

In addition to the voyeuristic behaviour what other factor contributes to the sexual arousal in a person with voyeuristic disorder?

Back 34

element of risk

Front 35

Which paraphilia is characterised in the DSM-5 as recurrent, intense, and sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviours over 6 months involving showing one's genitals to an unsuspecting stranger and has acted on these urges to at least three strangers on separate occasions?

Back 35

Exhibitionistic Disorder

Front 36

Onset of exhibitionistic disorder

Back 36

adolescence

Front 37

What is the arrest rate for exhibitionistic disorder?

Back 37

1 arrest for every 150 incidents

Front 38

What do many exhibitionist do during the exposure?

Back 38

masturbate

Front 39

What is the desire for the exhibitionist in most cases?

Back 39

to shock and embarres others

Front 40

What may trigger exhibitionist behaviour?

Back 40

stress and anxiety as weel as sexual arousal

Front 41

What do exhibitionists rarely consider when they engage in exhibitionistic behaviour?

Back 41

the social and legal consequences

Front 42

What do exhibitionists often feel after an incident?

Back 42

remorse

Front 43

What paraphilias often co-occur with exhibitionistic disorder?

Back 43

voyeuristic and frotteuristic disorders

Front 44

Which paraphilia is characterised in the DSM-5 as recurrent, intense, and sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviours over 6 months involving touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person and has acted on these urges to at least three strangers on separate occasions?

Back 44

Frotteuristic Disorder

Front 45

Onset of Frotteuristic Disorder

Back 45

adolescence

Front 46

Where does Frotteuristic behaviours typically occur?

Back 46

in crowded places where there is an easy escape

Front 47

What types of behaviours do people with frotteuristic disorder typically engage in?

Back 47

rubbing against a woman's thighs or buttocks, or fondling her breasts or genitals

Front 48

Which paraphilia is characterised in the DSM-5 as showing one's genitals to an unsuspecting stranger and has acted on these urges to at least three strangers on separate occasions?

Back 48

1. Recurrent, intense, and sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviours over 6 months involving sexual contact with a prepubescent or pubescent child
2. Arousal is strong or stronger for children than for adults
3. Person has acted on these urges with prepubescent or pubescent children, has repeatedly gained more arousal from child pornography than from pornography depicting mature persons for more than 6 months, or the urges and fantasies cause clinically significant distress or interpersonal problems
4. Person at least 18 years old and 5 years older than the child

Front 49

What percentage of males and females report being a victim of childhood sexual abuse?

Back 49

2.5% males
13.5% females

Front 50

What percentage of pedohebephilics are men?

Back 50

90%

Front 51

Are most victims of childhood sexual abuse known or unknown to the offenders?

Back 51

known

Front 52

Are most pedohebephilics violent towards the victims outside the sexual act?

Back 52

no

Front 53

Do pedohebephilics force or coerce children into the sexual act?

Back 53

coerce

Front 54

What percentage of men from a community sample describe having experienced at least one sexual fantasy involving involving a child?

Back 54

6-9%

Front 55

Who are the most common parties involved in incest?

Back 55

brother and sister, followed by father and daughter

Front 56

In what ancient culture was incest allowed?

Back 56

egyptian

Front 57

What type of family hierarchy is typically found in cases that involve incest?

Back 57

patriarchical

Front 58

Not all agressive offenders who abuse children have what?

Back 58

pedohebephilic disorder

Front 59

What are the six cognitive distortions found in people with pedohebephilic disorder?

Back 59

1. Misattributing blame - "she started by being to cuddly"
2. Denying sexual intent - "I was teaching her about sex ... better from her father than from someone else"
3. Debasing the victim - "She'd had sex before with her boyfriend"
4. Minimising the consequences - "she has always been friendly to me, even afterwards"
5. Deflecting censure - "This happened years ago. Why can't everyone just forget about it"
6. Justifying the cause - "If I hadn't been molested as a kid, I'd never have done this"

Front 60

What traits do men with pedohebephilic disorder tend to display?

Back 60

psychopathic and impulse traits

Front 61

What disorders are commonly comorbid with pedohebephilic disorder?

Back 61

conduct disorder, substance abuse, depression, and anxiety

Front 62

Explain the role of negative affect and sexual fantasies of children in the downward spiral in pedohebephilics that may precipitate molesting a child.

Back 62

- Negative affect experienced
- Sexually fantasies of children to relieve negative affect
- Fantasies worsens negative affect
- Increases sexual arousal
- Urge to molest to reduce negative affect and relieve urge

Front 63

What proportion of children exposed to child sexual abuse develop symptoms of?

Back 63

depression, low self esteem, conduct disorder and anxiety disorders

Front 64

Which mental disorders commonly include an aetiology of childhood sexual abuse?

Back 64

- dissociative identity disorders
- eating disorders
- BPD
- major depressive disorder
- sexual dysfunctions
- substance abuse

Front 65

When are negative outcomes more pronounced for victims of CSA?

Back 65

- when the CSA involves sexual intercourse
- when the perpetrator threatens the child
- when the child blames themselves
- When the family is unsupportive

Front 66

What do families in which CSA occurs tend to experience more of?

Back 66

- substance dependance in one or both parents
- genetic & environmental risks for psychopathology

Front 67

What proportion of incest is committed by adolescents?

Back 67

half

Front 68

How is incest listed in the DSM-5?

Back 68

as a subtype of pedohebephilic disorder

Front 69

What are the main 5 outcomes for victims of incest?

Back 69

1. Psychosexual dysfunction
2. Precocious sexuality
3. Drug abuse
4. Depression
5. increased risk of prostitution

Front 70

What paraphilia is characterised in the DSM-5 as recurrent, intense and sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviours involving the physical or psychological suffering of another person which causes distress to the person or the person has acted on these urges with at least two nonconsenting others on separate occasions?

Back 70

Sexual Sadism Disorder

Front 71

What paraphilia is characterised in the DSM-5 as recurrent, intense and sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviours involving the act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or made to suffer and causes marked distress or impairment in functioning?

Back 71

Sexual Masochism Disorder

Front 72

What percentage of the population have tried some form of sadomasochistic activity?

Back 72

5-10%

Front 73

Many people who engage in sadomasochistic behaviours do not experience what?

Back 73

significant distress or impairment

Front 74

What is the most dangerous form of masochism?

Back 74

asphyxiophilia

Front 75

What percentage of members in sadomasochistic clubs are females?

Back 75

20 to 30%

Front 76

What sort of lives do most sadomasochistic people live?

Back 76

conventional lives

Front 77

What is the most extreme example of sadistic behaviour?

Back 77

sadistic rape

Front 78

While there is no single profile for people who rape three common factors are?

Back 78

1. hostility towards woman
2. high incidence of sexual dysfunction, including during the rape
3. more prevalent in cultures that condone interpersonal violence

Front 79

What are the two suspected biological factors implicated in paraphilias?

Back 79

excessive level of hormones and temporal lobe changes

Front 80

Most psychological theories of paraphilia involve a set of what?

Back 80

risk factors

Front 81

What do childhood histories of people with a paraphilia reveal?

Back 81

a history of physical and sexual abuse, and a poor parent-child relationship

Front 82

What proportion of people who commit sexual offenses against children do not report a history of sexual abuse?

Back 82

one third

Front 83

What percentage of boys who were sexually abused between the ages of 7 and 12 went on to commit sexual offenses mostly against children?

Back 83

12%

Front 84

What attitudes towards woman do most men who engage in paraphilia involving nonconsenting woman have?

Back 84

hostile attitude and lack of empathy

Front 85

What two factors are often immediate triggers of incidents of pedehebephilic disorder, voyeuristic disorder, and exhibitionistic disorders?

Back 85

alcohol and negative affect

Front 86

What do sex offenders often lack to change their illegal behaviour?

Back 86

motivation

Front 87

What are three attitudes towards their own behaviour do sex offender often have when offered treatment?

Back 87

1. deny they have a problem
2. minimise the seriousness of the problem
3. feel confident they can control their behaviour without help

Front 88

What four things can a therapist do to enhance motivation for treatment of sex offenders?

Back 88

1. Empathise with the offenders reluctance to admit he is an offender and to seek treatment, thereby reducing defensivenss and hostility
2. Point out that treatment may help him control his behaviour better
3. Emphasise the negative consequences of refusing treatment and of recidivism
4. Explain that the psychophysiological assessment of the patient's sexual arousal will make it harder to deny sexual proclivities to the authorities

Front 89

What is the most commonly implemented treatment for paraphilia?

Back 89

CBT

Front 90

What are the types of CBT used in the treatment of paraphilia?

Back 90

1. Aversion therapy
2. Challenging distorted beliefs about consequences of behaviour
3. Improve social skills, impulse control, and increase empathy
4. ID high risk situations for re-emergence of symptoms

Front 91

What are three types of biological treatments used for treating paraphlias - particularly sex offenders?

Back 91

1. Castration
2. Medication
3. Chemical castration

Front 92

What medications are used to treat paraphilia - particularly in sex offenders?

Back 92

Hormones to reduce androgens and SSRI's

Front 93

What is Gender Identity Disorder?

Back 93

Strong, persistent and long-lasting identification with the biologically opposite sex

Front 94

What behaviours contribute to a diagnosis of GID in children?

Back 94

1. Repeatedly stated desire to be or insistence that he or she is, the opposite sex
2. Preference for wearing opposite sex clothes
3. Preference for cross-sex roles in play or persistent fantasies of being of the opposite sex
4. Preference for stereotypical play of the opposite sex
5. Preference for playmates of the opposite sex

Front 95

How is GID manifested in male children indicating a strong argument for diagnosis?

Back 95

assertion that the penis is disgusting or will disappear or that it would be better not to have a penis

Front 96

How is GID manifested in female children indicating a strong argument for diagnosis?

Back 96

assertion that she does not to grow breasts or marked aversion to normative female clothing

Front 97

How is GID manifested in adolescents and adults that indicates a strong argument for diagnosis?

Back 97

Preoccupation with getting rid of primary & secondary sex characteristics and a belief that he or she was born the wrong sex

Front 98

Which disorder involves a strong sense that physical gender is inconsistent with sense of identity?

Back 98

GID

Front 99

Prevalence of GID

Back 99

1/24,000 males
1.150,000 females

Front 100

Is sexual arousal pattern changes occur in GID?

Back 100

GID in independent of sexual arousal patterns

Front 101

What percentage of genetic link has be found in twin studies of GID?

Back 101

62% genetic component

Front 102

What is the most common treatment for GID?

Back 102

sex reassignment surgery

Front 103

What changes are involved in sex reassignment of a male to a female?

Back 103

the penis is removed, tissues & nerves to form artificial female genitals

Front 104

What changes are involved in sex reassignment of a female to a male?

Back 104

surgically constructed penis with extended urethra, breasts removed

Front 105

What percentage of people who have had sex reassignment surgery have no regrets at the one year follow up?

Back 105

75%