Psy2031 - W8 - Psychopathology

Front 1

Chemical agent affecting living processes is known as a

Back 1

drug

Front 2

The action of drugs on the normal body is known as

Back 2

pharmacology

Front 3

The action of drugs on the CNS, mood and behaviours is known as

Back 3

psychopharmacology

Front 4

Biological abnormalities that results in mental illness can be derived from ______ and/or _______ abnormalities.

Back 4

anatomical or neurochemical

Front 5

What are fives sources of abnormalities that may interact to cause mental illness?

Back 5

1. genetic
2. developmental
3. trauma/stress
4. infection
5. drugs

Front 6

What are three types of monoamines implicated in mental illness?

Back 6

1. dopamine
2. norepinephrine
3. serotonin

Front 7

What is the main amino acid implicated in mental illness?

Back 7

GABA

Front 8

GABA stands for

Back 8

gamma-aminobutyric acid

Front 9

Mental illness can result from _____ between genetic and environmental factors.

Back 9

interaction

Front 10

What are the two basic ways that drugs can interfere with neurotransmission?

Back 10

1. pre-synaptic mechanisms
2. post-synaptic mechanism

Front 11

What are the seven presynaptic mechanisms that if affected by drugs can alter the transmission of neural messages?

Back 11

1. Synthesis of transmitters
2. Axonal Transport
3. Conduction of axon potential
4. Storage of transmitters in vesicles
5. Release of synaptic transmitters
6. Modulation of transmitter release by presynaptic receptors
7. Inactivitaion of transmitter reuptake.

Front 12

What are the five postsynaptic mechanism that if affected by drugs can alter the transmission of neural messages?

Back 12

1. Inactivation of transmitter
2. Alteration of the number of postsynaptic mechanisms
3. Blockade of receptors
4. Activation of receptors
5. Activation of second messengers

Front 13

Affect is the medical term for

Back 13

emotional state or mood

Front 14

Affective disorders, also know as mood disorders, are characterised by

Back 14

disordered emotions

Front 15

Depression is characterised by a feeling that one's emotional state is

Back 15

no longer under ones control

Front 16

If left untreated depression can last from ___ to ___ _____.

Back 16

4 - 12 months

Front 17

A diagnosis of Major Depression requires the symptoms of lowered mood and decreased interest in pleasure in all activities to be present

Back 17

every day for a period of at least 2 weeks.

Front 18

Mania is a dinstinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated , expansive or irritable _____.

Back 18

mood

Front 19

Type 1 bipolar is characterised by

Back 19

manic episodes

Front 20

Type 2 bipolar is characterised by ______ and is always associated with episodes of ____ ____

Back 20

hypomania
major depression

Front 21

HPA stands for

Back 21

hypothalamic-pituitory-adrenal

Front 22

Disruption of the ___ system has been implicated as playing an important role in depression.

Back 22

HPA

Front 23

According to the monamine hypothesis of mood disorders suggests that depression is a result of a deficit in levels of released monoamine neurotransmitters ____ and _____

Back 23

NE - Norepinephrine
5HT - Serotonin

Front 24

The Diathesis-Stress Hypothesis suggests that the ____ _____ is the main site where genetic and environmental influences converge to cause mood disorders.

Back 24

HPA axis

Front 25

What are the 4 known treatment for affective disorders?

Back 25

1. ECT
2. Psychotherapy
3. Antidepressants
4. Lithium

Front 26

ECT stands fro

Back 26

Electroconvulsive therapy

Front 27

ECT disrupts _____

Back 27

memory

Front 28

Although the neural mechanisms of _____ remain unknown it has been shown to be helpful in relieving symptoms for mild to moderate depression.

Back 28

psychotherapy

Front 29

What are the 4 categories of antidepressants?

Back 29

1. tricyclic
2. SSRI's
3. NE SRI's
4. MOA inhibitors

Front 30

All antidepressants elevate the levels of ______ transmitters in the brain however they take ____ to develop.

Back 30

monoamine
weeks

Front 31

Tricyclic compounds block the reuptake of ____ and _____

Back 31

5HT and NE

Front 32

SSRI's block the reuptake of ___

Back 32

5HT

Front 33

NE SRI's block the reuptake of

Back 33

___

Front 34

MAO inhibitors reduce the enzymatic degradation of ___ and ____

Back 34

5HT and NE

Front 35

Prolonged treatment of SSRI's increases _______

Back 35

neurogenesis

Front 36

Receptors are protein molecules that initiate processes in the _______ cell when neurotransmitters or drugs bind to them.

Back 36

Postsynaptic

Front 37

____ are drugs that bind to post-synaptic receptor and initiate intra-cellular changes and prevent neurotransmitter access to receptors.

Back 37

agonists

Front 38

_____ are drugs that bind to post-synaptic receptors but do not initiate intracellular changes and prevent neurotransmitter access to receptors.

Back 38

antagonists

Front 39

An agonist ______ the channel however antagonist _____ the receptor effectively ____ _____ _____ ______ _____.

Back 39

opens
blocks
prevents the channel from opening

Front 40

Schizophrenia is characterised by a loss of contact with _____, and a _____ of thought , perception, mood and movement.

Back 40

reality
disruption

Front 41

What are the four positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Back 41

1. delusions
2. hallucinations
3. disorganised speech
4. grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour

Front 42

What are the four negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Back 42

1. reduced expression of emotion
2. poverty of speech
3. difficulty in maintaining goal-directed behaviour
4. memory impairment

Front 43

Schizophrenia is heritable and faulty genes seem to make some people .....

Back 43

more vulnerable to environmental factors that cause schizophrenia

Front 44

Receptors have slightly different structures depending on

Back 44

where they are in the brain

Front 45

The brand name for diazepam is

Back 45

valium

Front 46

The diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia suggests that schizophrenia =

Back 46

level of genetic predisposition + level of environmental stress

Front 47

Neuroleptics sued to treat _____ such as _______ act on the ___ receptors, decrease +ve symptoms but the side effects resemble parkinsons disease.

Back 47

schizophrenia
chlorpromazine
D2

Front 48

According tot he dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia, psychotic episodes are triggered specifically by the activation of ______ receptors.

Back 48

dopamine

Front 49

According to the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia the disorder reflects diminsished activation of ____ receptors in the brain

Back 49

NMDA