Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Psychology
|
The study of the mind and brain.
|
|
|
Psychology's Levels of Explanation
|
Rungs on a ladder of explanation, with lower levels tied most closely to biological influences and higher levels tied most closely to social influences.
|
|
|
Mysterians
|
People who believe that certain questions regarding human nature are unanswerable.
|
|
|
Meehl's Maxim
|
Guideline that the best predictor of future behavior is past behavior.
|
|
|
Multiply Determined
|
Caused by many factors.
|
|
|
Single-Variable Explanations
|
Explanations that try to account for complex behaviors in terms of only a single cause.
|
|
|
Multicollinearity (mul-ti-col-lin-e-a-ri-ty)
|
Overlap among different causes of behavior, often making it diffcult to indentify which cause of causes are operating.
|
|
|
Reciprocal Determinism
|
Tendancy for people to mutually influence each other.
|
|
|
Jangle Fallacy
|
Error of assuming that measures that carry the same label necessarily assess the same thing
|
|
|
Reflexivity
|
Paradox referring to the fact that the human brain is trying to understand itself.
|
|
|
Reactivity
|
Tendancy for people to behave differently when they know they're being studied.
|
|
|
Individual Differences
|
Variations among people in their thinking, emotion and behavior.
|
|
|
Emic
|
Approach of studying a cultures behavior from the perspective of an INsider.
|
|
|
Etic
|
Approach of studying a cultures behavior from the perspective of an OUTsider.
|
|
|
Introspection
|
Method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences.
|
|
|
Paranormal
|
Events, like extrasensory perception, that fall outside the boundaries of traditional science.
|
|
|
Scientist-Practitioner Gap
|
Divide between psychologists who believe that clinical practice should primarily be a science versus those who believe it should be an art.
|
|
|
Structuralism
|
School of psychology that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience, i.e. sensations, images and feelings. Founded by Titchener.
|
|
|
Functionalism
|
School of psychology that aimed to understand the adoptive purposes of psychological characteristics. Hugely influenced by Darwin and his theory of natural selection.
|
|
|
Behaviorism
|
School of psychology that focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking outside the organism. (Also see: Black box.) Founded by Watson, B.F. Skinner.
|
|
|
Black Box
|
Term sometimes used to describe behaviorists view of the mind; namely, an unknown entity that we don't need to understand to explain behavior. (Also see: Behaviorism)
|
|
|
Cognition
|
Mental processes involved in different aspects of thinking.
|
|
|
Psychoanalysis
|
School of psychology founded by Sigmund Freud, that focuses on internal psychological processes of which we're unaware.
|
|
|
Critical Multiplism
|
Approach of using many different methods in concert.
|
|
|
Basic Research
|
Research examining how the mind works. (See: Applied Research)
|
|
|
Applied Research
|
Research examining how we can use basic research to solve real-world problems. (See: Basic Research)
|
|
|
Evolutionary Psychology
|
Discipline that applies Darvins Theory of Natural Selection to human and animal behavior.
|
|
|
Just-So Stories
|
Superficial explanations made up after the fact; a term sometimes applied by critics to some evolutionary psychological hypotheses.
|
|
|
Compatibilism
|
Compromise between free will and determinism that says the two can co-exist.
|
|
|
Mind-Body Monists
|
Scientists who believe that the mind is the brain and nervous system in action.
|
|
|
Mind-Body Dualists
|
Scientists who believe that the mind is more than the brain and nervous system- perhaps including a soul.
|
