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151 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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episodic memory |
the memory of personal experiences |
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memory |
collection of several systems that store information in different forms for different amounts of time |
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stores |
retain information in memory without using it for any purpose |
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encoding |
the process of storing information in the LTM (from the STM) |
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retrieval |
bring information from the LTM to the STM |
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sensory memory |
a memory store hat accurately holds perceptual information for a very brief amount of time |
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short-term memory |
a memory store with limited capacity and duration |
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chunking |
organizing smaller units of information into larger, more meaningful units |
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long-term memory |
holds information for extended periods of time, if not permanently |
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episodic buffer |
working memory; combines sounds + images = story-like episodes |
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central executive |
coordinates attention + info. exchange between 3 components |
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declarative (explicit) memories |
LTM; memories that we're consciously aware of + can be verbalized |
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non-declarative (implicit) memories |
actions/behaviours that you can remember + perform without awareness |
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episodic memories |
LTM; declarative; personal experiences |
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semantic memories |
LTM; declarative; facts about the world |
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procedural memories |
LTM; non-declarative; patterns of muscle movement |
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serial position effect |
placement of items in a list affect its recall-ability |
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primacy effect |
first few items in a list are remembered easily |
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recency effect |
last few items of a list are remembered easily |
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proactive interference |
first information remembered takes up space, leaving less space for new information |
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retroactive interference |
last few terms override older memories that haven't made it to the LTM yet |
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rehearsal |
repeating information to self to remember |
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working mempry |
model of short-term memory that consists of memory components that temp. store small amounts of info. for a short time |
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phonological loop |
working memory; relies on rehearsal, info. is stored in auditory form |
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visuospatial sketchpad |
working memory; maintains visual images + spatial layouts in a visuospatial code |
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long-term memory |
holds information for extended periods of time, if not permanently |
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episodic buffer |
working memory; combines sounds + images = story-like episodes |
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central executive |
coordinates attention + info. exchange between 3 components |
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declarative (explicit) memories |
LTM; memories that we're consciously aware of + can be verbalized |
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non-declarative (implicit) memories |
actions/behaviours that you can remember + perform without awareness |
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episodic memories |
LTM; declarative; personal experiences |
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semantic memories |
LTM; declarative; facts about the world |
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procedural memories |
LTM; non-declarative; patterns of muscle movement |
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long-term potentiation (LTP) |
synapses are strengthened |
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serial position effect |
placement of items in a list affect its recall-ability |
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primacy effect |
first few items in a list are remembered easily |
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recency effect |
last few items of a list are remembered easily |
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proactive interference |
first information remembered takes up space, leaving less space for new information |
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retroactive interference |
last few terms override older memories that haven't made it to the LTM yet |
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rehearsal |
repeating information to self to remember |
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working mempry |
model of short-term memory that consists of memory components that temp. store small amounts of info. for a short time |
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phonological loop |
working memory; relies on rehearsal, info. is stored in auditory form |
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visuospatial sketchpad |
working memory; maintains visual images + spatial layouts in a visuospatial code |
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long-term memory |
holds information for extended periods of time, if not permanently |
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episodic buffer |
working memory; combines sounds + images = story-like episodes |
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central executive |
coordinates attention + info. exchange between 3 components |
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declarative (explicit) memories |
LTM; memories that we're consciously aware of + can be verbalized |
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non-declarative (implicit) memories |
actions/behaviours that you can remember + perform without awareness |
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episodic memories |
LTM; declarative; personal experiences |
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semantic memories |
LTM; declarative; facts about the world |
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procedural memories |
LTM; non-declarative; patterns of muscle movement |
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long-term potentiation (LTP) |
synapses are strengthened |
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HEBB'S RULE |
cells that fire together, wire together |
it rhymes |
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serial position effect |
placement of items in a list affect its recall-ability |
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primacy effect |
first few items in a list are remembered easily |
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recency effect |
last few items of a list are remembered easily |
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proactive interference |
first information remembered takes up space, leaving less space for new information |
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retroactive interference |
last few terms override older memories that haven't made it to the LTM yet |
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rehearsal |
repeating information to self to remember |
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working mempry |
model of short-term memory that consists of memory components that temp. store small amounts of info. for a short time |
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phonological loop |
working memory; relies on rehearsal, info. is stored in auditory form |
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visuospatial sketchpad |
working memory; maintains visual images + spatial layouts in a visuospatial code |
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long-term memory |
holds information for extended periods of time, if not permanently |
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episodic buffer |
working memory; combines sounds + images = story-like episodes |
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central executive |
coordinates attention + info. exchange between 3 components |
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declarative (explicit) memories |
LTM; memories that we're consciously aware of + can be verbalized |
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non-declarative (implicit) memories |
actions/behaviours that you can remember + perform without awareness |
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episodic memories |
LTM; declarative; personal experiences |
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semantic memories |
LTM; declarative; facts about the world |
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procedural memories |
LTM; non-declarative; patterns of muscle movement |
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long-term potentiation (LTP) |
synapses are strengthened |
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HEBB'S RULE |
cells that fire together, wire together |
it rhymes |
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consolidation |
process of converting STM to LTM in the brain (cellular level) |
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serial position effect |
placement of items in a list affect its recall-ability |
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primacy effect |
first few items in a list are remembered easily |
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recency effect |
last few items of a list are remembered easily |
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proactive interference |
first information remembered takes up space, leaving less space for new information |
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retroactive interference |
last few terms override older memories that haven't made it to the LTM yet |
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rehearsal |
repeating information to self to remember |
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working mempry |
model of short-term memory that consists of memory components that temp. store small amounts of info. for a short time |
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phonological loop |
working memory; relies on rehearsal, info. is stored in auditory form |
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visuospatial sketchpad |
working memory; maintains visual images + spatial layouts in a visuospatial code |
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long-term memory |
holds information for extended periods of time, if not permanently |
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episodic buffer |
working memory; combines sounds + images = story-like episodes |
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central executive |
coordinates attention + info. exchange between 3 components |
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declarative (explicit) memories |
LTM; memories that we're consciously aware of + can be verbalized |
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non-declarative (implicit) memories |
actions/behaviours that you can remember + perform without awareness |
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episodic memories |
LTM; declarative; personal experiences |
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semantic memories |
LTM; declarative; facts about the world |
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procedural memories |
LTM; non-declarative; patterns of muscle movement |
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long-term potentiation (LTP) |
synapses are strengthened |
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HEBB'S RULE |
cells that fire together, wire together |
it rhymes |
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consolidation |
process of converting STM to LTM in the brain (cellular level) |
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serial position effect |
placement of items in a list affect its recall-ability |
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cellular consolidation |
physical changes to the synapses b/w cells so that the pre-synaptic cell is more likely to stimulate a SPECIFIC post-synaptic cell |
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primacy effect |
first few items in a list are remembered easily |
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recency effect |
last few items of a list are remembered easily |
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proactive interference |
first information remembered takes up space, leaving less space for new information |
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retroactive interference |
last few terms override older memories that haven't made it to the LTM yet |
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rehearsal |
repeating information to self to remember |
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working mempry |
model of short-term memory that consists of memory components that temp. store small amounts of info. for a short time |
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phonological loop |
working memory; relies on rehearsal, info. is stored in auditory form |
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visuospatial sketchpad |
working memory; maintains visual images + spatial layouts in a visuospatial code |
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amnesia |
deep loss of at least one form of memory |
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amnesia |
deep loss of at least one form of memory |
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anterograde amnesia |
can't form new memories after the injury |
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amnesia |
deep loss of at least one form of memory |
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anterograde amnesia |
can't form new memories after the injury |
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reconsolidation |
hippocampus updates, strengthens, or modified existing LTM |
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amnesia |
deep loss of at least one form of memory |
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anterograde amnesia |
can't form new memories after the injury |
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reconsolidation |
hippocampus updates, strengthens, or modified existing LTM |
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retrograde amnesia |
can't remember memories before injury |
RETROgrade = past |
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storage |
the time + way in which info, is retained between encoding and retrieval |
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storage |
the time + way in which info, is retained between encoding and retrieval |
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maintenance rehearsal |
remembering something by repetition |
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storage |
the time + way in which info, is retained between encoding and retrieval |
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maintenance rehearsal |
remembering something by repetition |
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elaborating rehearsal |
remembering something by thinking about its meaning |
elaborative = expanding on a topic |
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self-reference effect |
thinking about how the info. relates to yourself |
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self-reference effect |
thinking about how the info. relates to yourself |
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encoding specificity principle |
retrieval is most effective when it occurs in the same context as encoding |
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flashbulb memories |
vivid/ detailed memory about an event + the conditions surrounding how one learned about the event |
E.g. 9/11 |
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flashbulb memories |
vivid/ detailed memory about an event + the conditions surrounding how one learned about the event |
E.g. 9/11 |
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mnemonic |
technique used to improve memory for specific info. |
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flashbulb memories |
vivid/ detailed memory about an event + the conditions surrounding how one learned about the event |
E.g. 9/11 |
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mnemonic |
technique used to improve memory for specific info. |
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method of loci |
mnemonic that connects words/items -> locations along a familiar path |
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flashbulb memories |
vivid/ detailed memory about an event + the conditions surrounding how one learned about the event |
E.g. 9/11 |
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mnemonic |
technique used to improve memory for specific info. |
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method of loci |
mnemonic that connects words/items -> locations along a familiar path |
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dual coding |
info. stored in more than one form |
e.g. alphabet song (visual + auditory) |
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flashbulb memories |
vivid/ detailed memory about an event + the conditions surrounding how one learned about the event |
E.g. 9/11 |
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mnemonic |
technique used to improve memory for specific info. |
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method of loci |
mnemonic that connects words/items -> locations along a familiar path |
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dual coding |
info. stored in more than one form |
e.g. alphabet song (visual + auditory) |
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schemas |
organized clusters of memories that make up your knowledge about events, objects, or ideas |
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constructive memory |
remembering through recalling a framework (schema) + adding specific details |
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infantile amnesia |
adults can't remember memories from before the age of 3-4 |
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false memory |
remembering events that did not occur/ incorrectly recalling details of an event |
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misinformation effect |
when information that occurs after an event becomes part of the memory for that event |
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imagination inflation |
increased confidence in a false memory of an event following repeated imagination of an event |
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imagination inflation |
increased confidence in a false memory of an event following repeated imagination of an event |
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DRM procedure |
participants study a list of related words + an obvious member is missing |
dolderman's in class example |
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imagination inflation |
increased confidence in a false memory of an event following repeated imagination of an event |
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DRM procedure |
participants study a list of related words + an obvious member is missing |
dolderman's in class example |
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recovered memory |
a memory of a traumatic event that is suddenly recovered after blocking the memory of that event for a long time |
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imagination inflation |
increased confidence in a false memory of an event following repeated imagination of an event |
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DRM procedure |
participants study a list of related words + an obvious member is missing |
dolderman's in class example |
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recovered memory |
a memory of a traumatic event that is suddenly recovered after blocking the memory of that event for a long time |
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recovered memory controversy |
psychologists argue about the reliability of recovered memories |
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