Psy Test#3

Front 1

The stage approach

Back 1

if a new stage has been reached, such as postformal thinking

Front 2

The information processing approach

Back 2

studies how the brain encodes, stores, and retrieves information

Front 3

Adult cognitive development

Back 3

multidisciplinary and loosely connected to chronological age; thinking changes from the omnivorous learning and questioning of childhood and adolescence to more mature cognition; some abilities improve, others wane, and some remain stable; adult thinking is multi-contextual

Front 4

The psychometric approach

Back 4

analyzes intelligence with measurements such as IQ testes and other measures.

Front 5

Overweight

Back 5

20% above the ideal weight for your age

Front 6

Obese

Back 6

30% above the ideal weight for your age

Front 7

Overcompensation

Back 7

pronounced striving to neutralize and conceal a strong but unacceptable character trait by substituting for it an opposite trait

Front 8

Dialectical thought

Back 8

the most advanced cognitive process characterized by the ability to consider a thesis and its antitheses simultaneously to arrive at a synthesis; makes possible ongoing awareness of pros and cons, advantages and disadvantages, and possibilities and impossibilities

Front 9

Stereotyped thought

Back 9

possibility that one’s appearance of behavior will subjectively interpreted to confirm prejudiced attitudes

Front 10

Moral values are affected by...

Back 10

circumstances, including national background, culture and era.

Front 11

One important aspect of the moral thinking process is that it becomes less _____

Back 11

dogmatic

Front 12

Morality of care

Back 12

tendency of females to give human needs and relationships highest priority.

Front 13

Morality of justice

Back 13

tendency of males to emphasize distinguishing right from wrong.

Front 14

In general adults gradually become less doctrinaire and self self-serving and more ______ and _____.

Back 14

flexible
altruistic

Front 15

Moral thinking produces _____ _____ and vice versa.

Back 15

moral behavior

Front 16

Postformal thought

Back 16

This is the practical stage - (follows Piaget’s fourth stage- formal operation thought) – where emerging adults consider most of life’s answers to be provisional, not permanent.
Consolidation of combining affect and cognition is the crucial intellectual accomplishment of adulthood.

Front 17

Subjective thought

Back 17

influenced by personal experiences, cultural assumptions and goals for the future.

Front 18

Objective thought

Back 18

influenced by facts and numbers that are universally considered to be true and valid.

Front 19

Synthesis

Back 19

arrival of a new idea that is a result of the combined thesis and its antithesis; third stage of dialectal though.

Front 20

Asthma: causes, symptoms, treatment

Back 20

Causes- Genetics, Carpeted Floors, and Airtight Window
Symptoms-Chronic inflammation of the airways
Treatment-Injections, Inhalers, Pills

Front 21

7 to 11: physical growth

Back 21

very slow and tend to slim down, grow only 2 in. per year and gain 5-7 lbs. per year; lengthening of muscles, increased lung capacity, and body proportions changing

Front 22

Peer groups

Back 22

The peer group is the most influential for forming self-concept
Peer relations ships teach (1) self understanding (2) how to relate to others

Front 23

Children who are bullied are.....

Back 23

1) anxious 2) depressed 3) underachieving and have damaged self-esteem and painful memories

Front 24

Best way to stop bulling is to...

Back 24

change the social climate within schools to prevent attacks from occurring

Front 25

Origins of bullying may be present at birth in...

Back 25

brain abnormalities and then strengthened by a) insecure attachment b) poor emotional regulation 3) other deficiets

Front 26

Factors in Bullying are...

Back 26

1) culture 2) change of the childrens social status and behavior 3) extent of the bullying

Front 27

Both types ______-rejected and ______ rejected are targets of bullies.
The ______ rejected is especially vulnerable to bullying

Back 27

Withdrawn
Aggressive
Withdrawn

Front 28

Children targeted by bullies are called bully _______
Bullies and victims are usually of the same ______

Back 28

victims
gender

Front 29

Bullying is....

Back 29

repeated, systematic attempts to harm a child through physical, verbal, or social attacks

Front 30

Family function

Back 30

Refers to how well a family Nurtures its children to reach their potential

Front 31

Healthly Family Nurture in Five Ways

Back 31

1) Meet in Basic Needs 2) Encourage Learning 3) Develop Self Esteem 4) Nurture Peer Friendship 5) Provide an environment of harmony and stability

Front 32

Family structures

Back 32

Family Structure is the legal and genetic relationships between family members
Structure does not determine function or dysfunction

Front 33

Different Family Structures Include

Back 33

1) extended-live with aunts, uncles, and parents 2) Nuclear-parents with offspring in 1 environment 3) 1 Parent Raising the child 4) Blended family-divorced parent get remarried and bring in other children 5) Grant parent family-grandparent live with your family 6) Adoptive Family 7) Step Parent 8) Grandparents Alone 9) Homosexual Family Structure 10) Foster Home

Front 34

Puberty for girls and boys-Sequence

Back 34

Puberty beings when the Hypothalamus sends a hormone signal to the pituitary gland which begins hormone production that signal the adrenal glands and gonads (sex glands) to produce hormones

Front 35

Puberty for girls and boys-Terms

Back 35

changes usually start between 8 and 14 years of age. Variation of start time due to a) sex b) genetic inheritance 3) body fat 4) stress

Front 36

Puberty for girls and boys-Parts Involved

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Parts Involved: Girls have Flared hips and fuller breast Boys have facial hair and a lower voice

Front 37

Adolescent physical growth

Back 37

Speeds up and growth is stressful, but successfully dealt with by most; growth spurts happen from the extremities to the core; often look big footed, long legged, and short waist; age of growth spurt varies between children; between age 10-12 boys and girls become heavier

Front 38

Adolescents and drug use

Back 38

Drug Abuse: Harm can be both physical and psychological
Attitude of peers also effect drug use. Do they think it is acceptable? Do they think it is risky?

Front 39

3 factors which protect against drug use

Back 39

1) active problem style of coping 2) sense of competence and self being 3) cognitive maturity

Front 40

Gateway drugs

Back 40

Tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana. These drugs open the door to further drug use
Tobacco usually decreases food intake and therefore you get less nutrients. This can limit the Growth Spurt
Marijuana slows down the thinking process, causes general lack of motivation, and indifference towards future. Cultures and cohort differ in drug use and abuse during adolescence.

Front 41

Alcohol and adolescents

Back 41

Alcohol will decrease inhibition and reasoning, so may lead to destructive behavior

Front 42

Identity achievement

Back 42

here they establish their own goals and values. They abandon some values set by their parents and retain values set by them

Front 43

Foreclosure

Back 43

Happens when an adolescent achieve identity prematurely. Example would be med school because parents want you to become a doctor or for you to take over the family business

Front 44

Negative Identity

Back 44

Adopted by adolescents unable to find roles truly their own. This identity is really a rebellion against what is expected of them. An example would be that a teachers child that refuses to go to college or a minister child who becomes a prostitute. The critical factor is not the choice but the defiance

Front 45

Identity Diffusion

Back 45

Occurs when a person has a few commitments to goal or values. This is not an identity status as much as it is a lack of identity status. There is no commitment or passion. An example would be a slacker

Front 46

Identity Moratorium

Back 46

Adolescents way of declaring a time-out which is sanctioned by society. This is a way to postpone making decisions about carrier or marriage. An example would be college, mission work, military service, or service peace corps

Front 47

Possible selves

Back 47

The self and Identity: Adolescent focus is on self-understand and finding an identity. To do this, they may experiment with possible selves. These are various intellectual fantasies about who they might become. Possible selves might be a) acceptable b) pleasing c) experimental

Front 48

Internalizing Problems

Back 48

When problems are directed inward they can include depression, eating disorders, self mutilation, overuse of sedative drugs, clinical depression, and suicide

Front 49

Externalizing Problems

Back 49

When problems are directed outward can include injury to others, destroying property, defying authority.

Front 50

Suicidal Ideation

Back 50

Thinking about suicide is common among high school students. Most suicide attempted do not result in death

Front 51

Parasuicide

Back 51

Deliberate acts of self destruction which do not cause death. Parasuicide does not imply intent so is preferred over attempted or failed suicide

Front 52

Criminal activity in adolescence

Back 52

Arrests: are higher during teen years than any other time of life. Boys are 3 times more likely than girls. African-Americans are 3 times more likely than European Americans. European Americans are 3 times more likely than Asian Americans.

Front 53

Adolescent-limited offenders

Back 53

criminal activity stops by 21 years of age

Front 54

Life course persistent offenders

Back 54

Become career criminals

Front 55

Adolescents who become Career criminals

Back 55

a) sex and gateway drugs earlier b) least involved in school activities c) hang out with the older crowd d) tend to be antisocial in preschool and elementary school e) often show signs of brain damage early in live

Front 56

Intervention can stop criminal behavior

Back 56

cohesive neighborhood, affective school, supported peer group, stable family, and best friend who discourages crime

Front 57

Conflict between parents and adolescents

Back 57

more common in early adolescence more common between mother and daughters more common with mothers than fathers. Culture plays a part in conflict with Chinese, Korean, and Mexican having later conflict, due to emphasis on close family relationships

Front 58

Senescence

Back 58

Senescence: is age related physical decline. Factors which affect rate of senescence are: a) genetics b) environment c) personal choices.

Front 59

Decline of adult bodies

Back 59

First noticeable signs of aging are seen in the skin during the 20’s Hair begins to grey around 30. Body Systems decline at different rates. Kidneys at 4% per decade, lungs at 5% per decade. Every body systems declines. Senses also affected: near-sightedness increase starting in 20’s/ Hearing loss noticeable in 60s. People in lower SES decline more quickly.

Front 60

Healthy eating habits for children

Back 60

increase physical activity with a family based program that works best for helping children lose weight; if children do not lose weight then in adolescence they will have more physical and psychological problems, especially with depression; too much stress about weight may lead to eating disorders (anorexia and/or bulimia); genes effect weight by influencing body type, metabolic rate, activity level, and taste preferences