Psy Test 2 - Chapter 6

Front 1

Encoding vs. Storage vs. Retrieval

Back 1

Encoding => process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory

Storage => process of keeping or maintaining information in memory

Retrival=> process of bringing to mind information that has been stored in memory

Front 2

Chunking vs. rehearsal

Back 2

Chunking=> memory strategy that involves grouping or organizing bits of information into larger units, which are easier to remember

Rehearsal=> act of purposely repating information to maintain it in short-term memory

Front 3

Episodic memory vs. semantic memory

Back 3

Episodic=> type of declarative memory that records events as they have been subjectively experienced

Semantic=> type of declarative memory that stores general knowledge, or objective facts and information

Front 4

declarative vs. nondeclarative memory

Back 4

declarative=> stores facts, information, and personal life events that can be brought to mind verbally or in the form of images and then declared or stated

nondeclarative=> stores motor skils, habits, and simple classically conditioned responses

Front 5

stages of information processing

Back 5

1. visually
2. acoustically
3. semantically

Front 6

measuring memory (3 tasks)

Back 6

recall, recognition, relearning

Front 7

Elizabeth Loftus' view of memory

Back 7

A memory is a reconstruction- an account pieced together from a few highlights, using information that may or may not be accurate

Front 8

flashbulb memory

Back 8

extremely vivid memory of the conditions surrounding one's first hearing the news of a suprising, shocking, or highly emotional event.

Front 9

Serial position effect: primary and secondary

Back 9

Primary effect=> tendency to recall the first items in a sequence more readily than the middle items

Secondary=> tendency to recall the last items in a sequence more readily than those in the middle

Front 10

Ebbinghaus' research paradigm

Back 10

nonsense syllable=> consonant-vowel-consonant combination that does not spell a word and is used in memory research

Front 11

Causes of forgetting

Back 11

encoding failure=> cause of forgetting that occurs when information was never put into long-term memory

interference=>information or associations sotred either before or after a given memory hinder the ability to remember it

Front 12

Proactive vs. retroactive interfering

Back 12

proactive=> occurs when information or experiences already stored in long-term memory hinder the ability to remember newer information

retroactive=> happens when new learning interferes with the ability to remmber previously learned information

Front 13

Eyewitness errors in line-up identifications

Back 13

Eyewitnesses to crimes typically identify suspects from a lineup, eyewitnesses may mistakenly identify the suspect in the lineup because the person look familiar

Front 14

Context and state dependent learning/memory

Back 14

tendency to recall information better if one is the same pharmacologial or psychological state as when the information was encoded.

Front 15

causes of motivated forgetting

Back 15

forgetting through suppresion or repression in order to protect oneselt from material that is painful, frightening, or otherwise unpleasant

Front 16

massed practice vs. distributed practice

Back 16

massed=> learning in one long practice session without rest periods

distributed=> break up into several sessions

Front 17

how mental set is defined

Back 17

tendency to apply a familiar strategy to solve a problem even through another approach might be better