Psy First Half

Front 1

Thought and knowledge

Back 1

•Use language to make our thoughts known (tool)
•Language also influences our thoughts (master)
•So, language and thought influence each other

Front 2

Applications of language

Back 2

Description (neutral)
Personal communication
Shapes thoughts
Manipulates control one's thoughts

Front 3

Description (neutral)

Back 3

convey facts of a situation with no intent to influence
•To give neutral factual descriptions we share our sensory experiences
•Least used.

Front 4

Personal communication

Back 4

conveys our meaning of situation
•No longer factual or mutual. Conveying interpretations how YOU perceive the room

Front 5

Shapes

Back 5

positive ways (positive connotation - teaching new concepts, new ways of looking at things)

Front 6

Manipulates control

Back 6

one's thoughts: (negative connotation)
•Getting you to do something, but not for your best benefit.

Front 7

Terminologies

Back 7

•Denotations
•Connotations
•Semantics
•Syntax

Front 8

Denotations

Back 8

dictionary meaning of words
•-New meanings can be added, reflecting societal changes
•Definition influences perception
•Ex. Gay has different meanings

Front 9

Connotations

Back 9

suggested, implied, associations meanings of words; reflects cultural societal values beliefs that may become a definition
•Ex. The bomb!

Front 10

Semantics

Back 10

meaning of words - denotation, connotation

Front 11

Syntax

Back 11

grammar, punctuation, word order, sentence structure

Front 12

Language determines or influences thought

Back 12

•Determines is stronger than influences
•Perspiration
•Specific words can have an impact
•Determines thoughts; Specific words make you have specific/certain thoughts

Front 13

Extreme interpretation

Back 13

no word for a thought, then the thought does not exist

Front 14

Milder form

Back 14

language influences, but does not determine, thought. Someone ____ you

Front 15

Asymmetry descriptions

Back 15

occur when DIFFERENT words are used to describe the SAME actions, situations, etc... Of different types of people (based on sex, race, age)

Front 16

Asymmetry in context

Back 16

- the same denotation of a word has different connotations depending on the different contexts, ie., mean one thing in one context and something else in a different context
•Ex. The word bomb can mean "fail" or "best"

Front 17

Direction, Misdirection of Thought

Back 17

•Colorful Language
•Loaded language
•Ambiguous
•Vagueness
•Equivocation
•Etymology
•Reification
•Bureaucratese (Jargon-T)
•Euphemism
•Dysphemism
•Framing
•Marked words

Front 18

Colorful Language

Back 18

words used to elicit vivid visual imagery. [Note. Doesn't mislead thought, but is presented in this section to contrast with loaded language]
•Ex. The sun sparkled off her pearly white teen, accentuating her full, luscious red lips and deep blue pools of her expressive eyes.
•When you read something and you paint a picture in your head. Words that bring up a picture. Colorful in the sense that it is highly detailed.

Front 19

Loaded language

Back 19

purpose to bias perceived toward a given position thought; positive or negative.
•Ex. People on welfare are freeloaders.

Front 20

Ambiguous

Back 20

words with multiple meanings
•Ex. Mary had a little lamb-owned, ate, gave birth? Hot date- spicy, on fire, fruit?

Front 21

Vagueness

Back 21

- lack of precision in communication, not enough details for intended meaning

Front 22

Equivocation

Back 22

occurs when the meaning of a word is changed in the course of the Same discussion. For this class, will repeat word. Ex. Sex on surveys- to mean female or male, or the act.

Front 23

Etymology

Back 23

study of word origins. Problem when definitions changed and use wrong one (many meanings in dictionary) ex. Gay.
•The mistake is to focus on the original definition
•Difference between ambiguity and vagueness, one if simply which definition of the word, more information beyond definitions
•Examine definition of word to implied meaning

Front 24

Reification

Back 24

when something abstract is Nguyen a name and treated as a concrete object:hypothetical contract.

Front 25

Bureaucratese (Jargon-T)

Back 25

use of language unfamiliar to people who lack special training; to restrict understanding for people not in exclusive group.

Front 26

Euphemism

Back 26

substitution of a desirable term for originally less desirable offensive term

Front 27

Dysphemism

Back 27

substitution of undesirable term or produce a negative effect on person's attitude toward something

Front 28

Framing

Back 28

a question is asked in manner that correct response is suggested; leading person to a particular view

Front 29

Marked words

Back 29

words that connote a bias when they appear in question because word is the less commonly used end of continuum. Ex. How tall are you? No bias. How short are you? Bias. How smart are you? Vs how dumb are you?