Psy Ch. 4,5,6

Front 1

classic conditioning

Back 1

learning that one stimulus signals the arrival of another

Front 2

reflex

Back 2

a stimulus response pair in which the stimulus automatically elicits the response

Front 3

Ivan Pavlov

Back 3

created classical conditioning & dog with food and bell study

Front 4

unconditional stimulus (UCS)

Back 4

the reflexive stimulus that creates an automatic response

Front 5

unconditioned response

Back 5

the response created by the unconditioned stimulus

Front 6

optimal time between 2 stimuli if you're trying to get someone to learn something

Back 6

1/2 a second to a full second

Front 7

conditioned stimulus (CS)

Back 7

the stimulus that creates a response

Front 8

conditioned response (CR)

Back 8

the response that is activated by the conditioned stimulus

Front 9

delayed conditioning

Back 9

the CS remains on until after the UCS is presented. the 2 stimuli occur at the same time

Front 10

trace conditioning

Back 10

there is a period in time in which neither the CS and the UCS are not occurring

Front 11

Whats the most effective way of classical conditioning?

Back 11

delayed conditioning

Front 12

John Broadus Watson

Back 12

conducted the little albert study

Front 13

Mary Cover Jones

Back 13

demonstrated that fear be deconditioned

Front 14

Elsie Bergman

Back 14

showed there could be limits to fear

Front 15

acquisition

Back 15

acquiring a new response

Front 16

extinction

Back 16

the diminishing of a learned response

Front 17

spontaneous recovery

Back 17

a partial recovery in the strength of the learned response during extinction

Front 18

stimulus generalization

Back 18

stimuli close to the learned response will trigger that learned response

Front 19

stimulus discrimination

Back 19

when he learned response is only toward a narrow window of stimulus

Front 20

operant conditioning

Back 20

learning associated behaviors with their consequences

Front 21

Edward Thorndike

Back 21

puzzle boxes. created law of effect

Front 22

law of effect

Back 22

any behavior in satisfying consequences will be repeated. any behavior in unsatisfying consequences will not be repeated

Front 23

reinforcer

Back 23

stimulus that increases the probability of a prior response

Front 24

reinforcement

Back 24

the process by which the probability of a response is increased

Front 25

punishment

Back 25

stimulus that decreases the probability of a prior response

Front 26

appetitive stimulus

Back 26

a pleasant stimulus

Front 27

aversive stimulus

Back 27

a unpleasant stimulus

Front 28

positive reinforcement

Back 28

an appeitive stimulus is presented

Front 29

positive punishment

Back 29

an aversive stimulus is presented

Front 30

negative reinforcement

Back 30

an aversive stimulus is removed

Front 31

negative punishment

Back 31

an appetitive stimulus is removed

Front 32

premack principal

Back 32

the opportunity to preform a highly frequent behavior can reinforce a less frequent behavior

Front 33

primary reinforcer

Back 33

a stimulus that we've needed since birth

Front 34

secondary reinforcer

Back 34

the stimulus gains importance after learning

Front 35

behavior modification

Back 35

the application of the conditioning principals

Front 36

Pessiglione et al

Back 36

cued money with a certain picture to explain behavior modification

Front 37

B.F Skinner

Back 37

created the skinner box

Front 38

shaping

Back 38

training the animal to make response they want by reinforcing successive approximations of the desired response

Front 39

cumulative record

Back 39

a record of the total number of operant responses that creates a stimuli

Front 40

discriminative stimulus

Back 40

the stimulus that has to present for the operant response to be reinforced or punished

Front 41

continuous schedule of reinforcement

Back 41

reinforcing each time the desired operant is made

Front 42

partial schedule of reinforcment

Back 42

reinforcing some times the desired operant is made

Front 43

partial reinforcement effect

Back 43

subjects on a partial schedule of reinforcement are more likely to resist extinction

Front 44

fixed ratio schedule

Back 44

a partial schedule of reinforcement in which a reinforcer is presented each time a fixed number of responses is made

Front 45

variable ratio schedule

Back 45

a partial schedule of reinforcement in which the number of times it takes to get a reinforcement varies

Front 46

fixed interval schedule

Back 46

a partial schedule of reinforcement when the reinforcement is given on a set period of time

Front 47

variable interval schedule

Back 47

a partial schedule of reinforcement when the reinforcement is given on a varying period of time

Front 48

motivation

Back 48

the set internal and external factors that energize our behavior and direct it towards a goal

Front 49

drive-reduction theory

Back 49

our behavior eliminates unsatisfied bodily needs

Front 50

incentive theory

Back 50

we are pulled into action because of incentives

Front 51

arousal theory

Back 51

extends the importance of a balanced internal environment