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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Major categories
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Sexual=fondling, intercourse, exposure to sexual acts, involvment in pornography
Physical=beating, scalding, slapping, punching, kicking Exposure to domestic violence Neglect=failure to provide basic needs, lack of supervision Psychological/emotional=failure to meet needs for emotional security, acceptance, autonomy |
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Difficulties in study of child maltreatment
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Multiple victimizations and problems w/ categorization
What constitutes it/severity vary w/ devt stage What constitutes vary by culture cultural practices and/or racial bias determine what gets reported |
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Parental Risk factors for Physical abuse
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Poverty (less likely to get good job)
Single parent home Parental youth/lack of education (not prepared to raise child, insuffcient knowledge of child devt) Large # of young children Individual parent factors: anxious, angry, defensive, low impulse control, low frustration tolerence |
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Outcome of Physical abuse
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Pervasive negative effects
-insecure attachment -poor emotion regulation -externalizing/internalizing px -disrupted peer relationships -intergenerational transmission of violence (30% may explain why but not an excuse) |
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Domestic Violence
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does not have to recieve a physical blow to be negatively affected
does not have to visually witness Can take many forms: physical aggression, verbal threats, sexual assault, psychological abuse |
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Sexual Abuse
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Involvement of child in sexual activity that child
-does not comprehend -unable to give informed consent -not developmentally prepared for -violates law/social norms of community Wide range Legal definition= perpetrator>13, and >5 year difference |
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History sexual abuse
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Freud: high prevalence of sexual abuse among his patients
1953 Kinseys: 24% of women in US (but cared more about masturbation then sexual abuse) B/w 1976-1993, child sexual abuse rose 300% currently 11% of substantained child maltreatment cases in US |
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Characteristics of perpetrator and victim
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Most perpetrators=adult men (pedophilia, substantial proportion are adol)
Most victims=girls (risk stronger if bond b/w mother and daughter not strong) Older children/adolscents @ greatest risk; ratio of girls to boys increases w/ age. Low SES Caucasian girls @ greater risk than African Am. |
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Consequences + affective
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guilt, fear, anxiety, depression (helplessness), anger and hostility, feel responsible
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Consequences + behavior
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impaired ability to trust, aggression, pseudomaturity, inappropriate sexual beh, regression and loss of devt milestones
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Consequences + cognitive
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dissociative problems (feel as if not happening to you,or periods of checking out), disordered schemas-->all men are scary/ bad, negative view of sex, its the way to show love, bad feelings about self
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Protective Factors
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short lived, acute, appropriate reaction by nonoffending parent; close supportive relationship
Worst outcome: high frequency, chronic, close relationship w/ perpetrator, penetration |
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Psychological Abuse
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Inherent in all forms of abuse
Ridiculing, rejecting, terrorizing, isolating, missocializing or corrupting, excessive control, denying emotional responsiveness |
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Neglect
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Most prevalent infancy/toddlerhood
(devt dimension) No gender difference Cognitive devt most impacted |
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the Batterer
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Abusive men similar to victim (may have symptoms of PTSD, child history of abuse)
Difficulty w/ regulation, interpersonal problem solving Insecure attachment (unable to sooth self-> unregulated emotion-> aggression) Rejection sensitivity: the others will fail to fulfill their needs for acceptance and belonging Violence=product of -individual personality characteristics -immediate social context -community characteristics -societal factors |
