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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ways to asses brain injury
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Neurological examination: sensory/motor functions in tact
Neuropsychological testing: attention and memory used to see effects, not to detect brain damage anymore |
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Structures of brain
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lesions, tumors
CAT: x-ray of brain @ difference slices, gives gross overview of brian MRI: like cat scan but more detailed; 3D image of brain |
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Functioning of brain
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how brain processes info
PET:radioactive glucose (brain uses glucose for energy); active parts will light up EEG: wires stuck to outside of skull, measures electrical activty in brain; general ERP: brain response to specific stimulus fMRI:see how brain changes during particular tasks, works on oxygen |
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Traumatic Brain Injury
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Acquired injury to the brain caused by external force resulting in functional (walk, pay attention, etc) or pyschosoical(emotional,social ) problems
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Closed head injury
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More extensive damage then penetrating. tearing, twisting or shearing of fibers
Coup and Contra Coup (bruises in back and front) Hippocampus: more vulnerable, lose memory |
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Closed head injury secondary effects
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secondary effects:
edema=swelling of brain bleeding (not enough oxygen) ischema=little clots in brain |
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Close head injury examples
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Concussion: memory loss, blurred vision, very tired, nausea, easily confused, changes in sleep patterns, increased sensitivity to light/sound
Shaken baby syndrome |
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Penetrating brain injury
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Specific and focal deficits at the point of impact
Generally less severe but focal injuries may prevent child from developing new skills. |
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Characteristics
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Prevalence: 3000 deaths, 29,000 hospitalizations, 400,000 ED visits
Boys 2x as likely Low SES, minorities at greater risk |
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TBI most common in
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Children who are overactive, risk-takers, underachieving, life stressors, poor family functioning, previous TBI
Difficult to determine premorbid functioning |
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Contexts
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depends on severity (deficits in numerous cognitive functions)
Increased family stress (economical and psychological) Social isolation |
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Dev't course
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Cerebral plasticity: children's brains more plastic, the younger the child, the more able they are to compensate for damaged area, however....
early vulnerability: more global too; if large section is knocked out, may have cascading effect and knock out other things too. |
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Chronic Illness
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effects vary
asthma, cystic fibrosis, cerebral palsy, diabetes, sickel cell |
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Chronic Illness + Infancy/toddlerhood
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Separation from caregiver, invasive procedures (may or may not effect devt)
No understanding of cause of illness Response to pain gradually more localized, can look to others for comfort/support (shot, localize pain after 1st time) |
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Chronic Illness + mid childhood
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Frequent absenses from school
Pain seen as a feeling, causes of illness better understood Self regulation of pain Better structuring, scaffolding |
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Chronic Illness + adol.
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Noncompliance w/ treatment, denial
More abstract and complete undertanding of causes/coping w/ pain |
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Family
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greater parenting stress, but generally few differences. help from siblings
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Social
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effusive at beginning, tapers off
Afican Am families value instrumental support vs. Caucasian value emotional |
