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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DSM criteria
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2 week pd, significant change in previous functioning so on most days, depressed mood/ irritability or anhedonia (loss of pleasure) AND
Weight/eating patterns, sleep disturbance, psychomotor agitation, fatigue, guilt, lack of concentration, recurrent thoughts of death. Not due to grief, substance use or medical condition |
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Characteristics
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Lifetime prevalence: 9% community, 10-60% clinic
Low SES (poverty=sig. risk factor) Ethnic dif. variable age of onset: puberty gender: in pre-adolescence, boys=girls; in adolescence girls>boys |
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Comorbidity
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often w/ anxiety
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Tripartite model of depression and anxiety
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Negative Affect (emotional distress) --> Anxiety (hyperarousal) and Depression (anhedonia), loss of pleasure, sets kids apart
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Dev't Progression
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Infancy: anaclitic depression (can feel tremendous sadness)
Preschool: sad appearance, loss of dev't milestones, irritability. (cannot introspect) School age: more "depressed" symptoms; precursor boys/ agression, precursor girls/ internalizing problems. Adol: likely to verbalize feelings |
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Etiology
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Genetics: strong link
Neurochem: overproduce cortisol (stress)/ seretonin Medication: SSRIs to increase level of seretonin in blood |
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Cognitive Triad
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Worthlessness (i am no good; low self-esteem, remember negative things about self)
Helplessness (there is nothing i can do about it) Hopelessness -Internal: "all due to me", overresponsibility -Global: not a single positive thing about myself -Stable: always like this, will never change |
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Family Factors
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Interparental conflict, chronic/acute stressors, less social support, critical and emotionally overinvolved, emeshed rel.
Parental loss Maternal depression-parenting style, emotion regulation, learned attributions, transactional process. (parent=model) |
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Social
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low social support, loneliness, lack of perceived social competence
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Hammen's integrative model
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Cognitive representations of self= most significant predictor.
cognitive factors are primary |
