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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ODD DSM Criteria
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Pattern of negative, hostile, or defiant behavior w/ at least 4 behaviors (lose temper, deliberly annoys, blame others, angry, spiteful)
Causes impairment in academic/ social/family functioning More serious than ODD |
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What fosters ODD
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Individual child characteristics: temperamemt, cognitive factors (language processing problems, poor self regulation and executive functions, mood/anxiety disorders)
Parenting practices: can reinforce oppositional behavior |
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Coercive Exchange
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Parent Commands--> repeat 3-7 times --> threatens 1-3 times -->agression (gives up)
When parent gives up, child wins; will test limit Child getting attention when says no, will get nothing if agrees |
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Parent factors
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Alpha commands: direct "clean your room"
Beta commands: vague. "do you think you might want to clean your room?" Should give positive attention when child agrees, suggest to do together, give time out intead of more attention |
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CD DSM Criteria
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Persisten and repetitive pattern of violating:basic rights of others. major age-inappropriate soceital norms/rules
Must have any 3 symptoms in four major categories. Maybe mild,moderate,severe Childhood or adol. onset |
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4 categories of CD
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Agression to people/ animals(weapon,rape,bully)
Destruction of property(fire, vandalism) Deceitfullness or theft (car, shoplifting) Serious violations of rules (running away, curfew) |
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Onset Specifiers
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Childhood (less then 10): "early starters"; poor prognosis; more boys. [unattached to family, alienated]
Adolescent (after 10): "late starters"; more girls- higher risk of psychopathology, drug use, etc later in life, but still more boys- seen more in ad.b/c more freedom, peer influence |
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Characteristics
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Prevalence: 2-3%
Gender: boys>girls childhood onset. boys=girls ad. onset, boys show more overt behavior, girls more covert. Lower SES, no ethinc diff when SES is controlled Comorbid w/ ADHD, ODD (externalizing), LD, Depression ADHD + CD = worst outcome |
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Psychopaths vs. CD
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psychopaths: no empathy, superficial charm, absense of meaningful relationships, harm to others b/c they LIKE it.
CD: can have callous (lack of empathy)/unemotional traits or not have...risk factor |
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Developmental Pathway
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Difficult temperament-> Hyperactive-> Oppositional Px->
Conduct Px-> Delinquency-> Antisociality invariant sequence (always in this order) protective factors: parenting, resilient child, high monitoring, high intelligence, early intervention,etc |
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3 Developmental Pathways
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Authority: defiance, avoidance
Covert: shoplifting/lying, vandalism, fraud/burglary. Not directly confrontational Overt: Bully/annoying, fights/gangs, violence. Directly confrontational. involved in all 3=worst outcome |
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Etiology/ Biological factors
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Genetics: good predictor= parent criminality. exposure to toxins
Temperament: difficult= predisposes child to impulsivity, irritability, overactivity |
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Individual Factors
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Self regulation
Emotion regulation: exposed to family conflict overwhelmed, little managing help Social perspective taking (is fundamental) Hostile attribution styles |
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Family Factors
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Parental conflict,divorce, family stress
Parental psychopathology (substance abuse, materal depression, parent antisocial personality disorder) Harsh parenting/transmission of agression (modeling) Coercive exchange (family uses negative reinforcement) Transactional Processq |
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Social Factors
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Peer rejection leads to further agressive behavior, gain negative reputation when behavior improves, deliquent peer groups
Consensus building=reciever assumes child has hostile intent in ambiguous situation--> kid believes actually is a bully so acts like it. |
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Cultural Factors
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Poverty
Violence Gangs Media promotes/glamorizes antisocial behavior Masculine socialization |
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Integrative model
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Early childhood: poor parental discipline strategies
Mid childhood: peer rejection/ poor academic performance Adol: antisocial peer group Adult: disrupted marriage, chaotic employement |
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Intervention
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Parent Managment Training: give attention to prosocial behavior, positive reinforcement
Anger Managment: perspective taking, problem solving, emotion awareness, relaxation techniques, peer pressure Multisystemic Treatment: combination therapy, impressive sucess. |
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CD Limitation
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Adolescent onset-> greater change of psychopathology?
DSM doesnt care what causes it (etiology) or look at envionrmental factors. Are all kids the same? fire setting vs. cutting class= same disorder [Heterogenous] |