Psy 410Exam 1 Terms

Front 1

intensity

Back 1

force or magnitude of behavior
(ex: teaching a child to sing a song loudly or softly)

Front 2

latency

Back 2

length of time required for desired behavior to begin, the amount of time that passes before the behavior occurs

Front 3

speed

Back 3

amount of time it takes to perform a complete episode of behavior from start to finish

Front 4

dependent variable

Back 4

what is measured

Front 5

independent variable

Back 5

what is manipulated

Front 6

random assignment

Back 6

every participant has an equal chance of being in either level of manipulation

Front 7

between-subjects independent measures

Back 7

one group gets one type of treatment and another group gets a different type of treatment (or no treatment)

Front 8

Reflex

Back 8

RELATIONSHIP between certain kinds of events, and certain kinds of behavior, specific event and simple response ALWAYS have same response for particular stimulus

Front 9

__________ is believed to occur in the ________system

Back 9

sensitization is believed to occur in the state system because it is only activated by arousing responses

Front 10

Reflexes, Modal Action Patterns, and General Behavior Traits are all examples of ___________________

Back 10

elicited behaviors

Front 11

Modal Action Pattern

Back 11

an instinctive behavior that is produce spontaneously on a regular basis by a human or an animal, a series of inter-related acts found in all or nearly all members of a species

Front 12

How do releasers differ from reflexes?

Back 12

releasers involve the entire organism rather than a few muscles or glands

Front 13

S-R System

Back 13

learning is believed to involve the establishment of a connection between a specific stimulus (s) and a specific response (r) (associated with habituation)

Front 14

what is an acronym for the pathway of the neural signal in a reflex arc?

Back 14

SIM
(sensory neuron, interneuron, motorneuron)

Front 15

State System

Back 15

a general readiness to respond

Front 16

Response Fatigue

Back 16

muscles may become incapacitated by fatigue

Front 17

What is an elicited behavior?

Back 17

an elicited behavior is automatically drawn out by a certain stimulus

Front 18

Reflexes are mediated by ________ neurons

Back 18

sensory

Front 19

These types of neurons activate muscles

Back 19

motor neurons

Front 20

What is the difference between habituation and sensory adaptation?

Back 20

In habituation, the organism ceases to respond to a stimulus even though it remains fully capable of sensing that stimulus however in sensory adaptation the sensory adaptation the sensory mechanism is disabled so it cannot respond

Front 21

Habituation and Sensitization occur in the _______________

Back 21

nervous system

Front 22

Operant learning refers to __________ behavior whereas classical conditioning refers to ________________ behavior

Back 22

voluntary behavior, involuntary behavior

Front 23

Sensory neurons that send messages to the brain may become temporarily "insensitive" to stimulation due to a blinding light or temporary hearing loss after attending a rock concert. These decreases in sensitivity are referred to as ____________________________

Back 23

sensory adaptation

Front 24

The motor or efferent neurons responsible for sending messages away from the brain and spinal cord and controlling muscles may become ineffective due to _______________.

Back 24

response fatigue

Front 25

Both _____________ and _______________ impede response, acting outside the nervous system in "sense organs and muscles," and for this reason are different from ____________

Back 25

Both sensory adaptation and response fatigue impede response, acting outside the nervous system in sense organs and muscles and for this reason are different than habituation

Front 26

Has to do with sense organs (touch, taste, sight, smell, hearing)

Back 26

sensory adaptation

Front 27

Sensitization

Back 27

increase in responding to due to repeated stimulation, intensity or probability of behavior increases

Front 28

Sensory Adaptation

Back 28

sensory mechanism is disabled (has to do with sense organs) that are not associated with the nervous system

Front 29

Habituation

Back 29

-decrease in responding to due to repeated stimulation
- a decrease in the strength of an elicited behavior following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus
-repeatedly evoking a given reflex response will result in a reduction in the intensity or probability of the response

Front 30

Releaser

Back 30

initiates a modal action pattern, also known as a sign stimulus

Front 31

___________________ enables the organism to make a specific response elicited by the stimulus of interest

Back 31

S-R System

Front 32

Dual Processes theory

Back 32

proposes both habituation(occurs in S-R system) and sensitization(occurs in (State system) are not "mutually exclusive, the net effect is the sum of the two processes,but only one of these systems is activated

Front 33

Reflex arc

Back 33

neural structures that enable a stimulus to elicit a reflex response

Front 34

consumatory behavior

Back 34

end components of a behavior sequence (highly stereotyped, species typical behavior that have releasing stimuli

Front 35

What is the simplest form of elicited behavior?

Back 35

a reflex

Front 36

proposed observed behavior is the sum of habituation and sensitization - what theory is this referring to?

Back 36

the dual process theory

Front 37

appetitive behavior

Back 37

occurs at the beginning of a series, and are some what variable depending on the environment

Front 38

intervening variable

Back 38

states or conditions of the individual that are inferred from observations such as thirst, hunger, or pain

Front 39

An ______________________ may have no physical reality, although it organizes thought about things that do.
(hunger, thirst, pain)

Back 39

Intervening Variable

Front 40

A way of measuring learning in which you compare the exact physical form of behavior to the ideal form

Back 40

Topography

Front 41

Appetitive Stimulus vs. Adversive Stimulus

Back 41

An organism is likely to seek an appetitive stimulus and likely to avoid an aversive stimulus

Front 42

these occur in a wide variety of situations, general behavior tendencies strongly influenced by genes

Back 42

General Behavior Traits

Front 43

Quasi Experimental Design

Back 43

looks a bit like an experimental design but lacks the key ingredient -- random assignment.

Front 44

Within Subjects Repeated Measures

Back 44

each participant receives all levels of treatment itself (aka single-subject designs, serve as control for self)

Front 45

Experiments

Back 45

studies in which a researcher manipulates one or more variables and measures the effects of such manipulation on one or more measures

Front 46

Naturalistic Observations

Back 46

systematic observation and recording of behavior in its natural environment. Do not intervene or ask questions, just observe

Front 47

Interview/Survey Research

Back 47

obtain data about a group by asking members of the group a set of questions

Front 48

Natural Science Approach

Back 48

assumes that all behavior is caused, causes precede the effects, the simplest explanation that fits the data is the best, the causes of behavior include only natural phenomena

Front 49

(Between subjects design) Independent Measures

Back 49

one group gets one treatment, and another group gets a different treatment or no treatment
*random assignment is critical

Front 50

Trace Conditioning

Back 50

the CS begins and ends before the US has disappeared

Front 51

Delayed Conditioning

Back 51

The US appears before the CS has disappeared

Front 52

Difference between Delayed and Trace Conditioning

Back 52

In the delayed procedure the CS and US overlap

Front 53

Reflex Response that occurs before conditioning

Back 53

Unconditioned Response

Front 54

The stimulus that elicits the UR (reflex response) before conditioning

Back 54

Unconditioned Stimulus

Front 55

The reflex response that occurs as a result of conditioning

Back 55

Conditioned Response

Front 56

The stimulus that elicits the CR (reflex response as a result of conditioning)

Back 56

Conditioned Stimulus

Front 57

Stimuli and responses whose properties do not depend on prior training are

Back 57

unconditional

Front 58

Stimuli and responses whose properties emerge only after training are

Back 58

conditional