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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Punishment
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A decrease in the strength of behavior due to its consequence
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Law of Effect
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Behavior is a function of its consequences
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An experience must have 3 characteristics to qualify as punishment
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1) Behavior must have a consequence
2) Behavior must decrease in strength 3) Reduction in strength must be the result of the consequence |
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To a behavioral scientist, punishment....
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... has nothing to do with retribution or justice; it has to do only with reducing the strength of the behavior
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Typical punishers include...
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Reprimands, fines, physical blows, such as those delivered in spankings (Or stuff like that)
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The consequences involved in punishment are often referred to as...
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Punishers
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Positive Punishment
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The consequence is something added to the situation that reduces behavioral strength
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Negative Punishment
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The consequence is something removed from the situation that reduces behavioral strength
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Examples of Positive Punishment
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Beating, scolding, shock
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Examples of Negative Punishment
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“Time out”, fines, removal of privileges, grounding
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The Contingency Square (Top Left)
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Positive Reinforcement
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The Contingency Square (Top Right)
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Positive Punishment
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The Contingency Square (Bottom Left)
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Negative Reinforcement
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The Contingency Square (Bottom Right)
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Negative Punishment
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Positive Punishment vs. Negative Reinforcement... Both are...
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NOT the same thing
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Positive Punishment vs. Negative Reinforcement (Similarity)
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Both involve aversive stimuli
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Positive Punishment vs. Negative Reinforcement (Differences)
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1) Positive punishment PRESENTS aversive stimuli to weaken behavior.
2) Negative reinforcement REMOVES aversive stimuli. |
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Variables affecting punishment; the stronger the ______ or _______, the more impact the punishment has.
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Contingency or Contiguity
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If you start with a low intensity punisher and gradually increase to a high intensity punisher, punishment will be ____ effective than if you had started with the high intensity punisher in the first place
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Less
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Edward Lee Thorndike studied _____.
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Animal Intelligence
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Pavlov studied ____.
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Psychic Reflex
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In the 19th century, most people believed that higher animals learned through ______.
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Reasoning (They thought animals were smart...)
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Thorndike's most famous experiment was with ____s try to get out of a ____.
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Cats trying to get out of a Box
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Thorndike studied animal learning as a way of measuring animal _____.
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Intelligence.
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Once the cat made it out of the box, it would make _____ ineffective movements each time it was placed back into the box in order to get out.
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Fewer
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Thorndike concluded that given a behavior typically has one of two kinds of consequnces or effects. Thorndike called one kind of conseqence a "________," the other an "______."
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Satisfying State Affairs and Annoying State of Affairs.
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A chick in a maze goes down the wrong alley, this behavior is followed by continued hunger and separation from the other chicks. This would be consider an _____ State of Affairs
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Annoying State of Affairs
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