Psy 376: Memory

Front 1

What is the model for the information processing approach?

Back 1

a computer

Front 2

What does the basic information processing approach emphasize?

Back 2

basic mental processes involved in attention, perception, memory, and decision making

Front 3

working memory

Back 3

mental scratch pad that temporarily stores information while actively operating on it

Front 4

long term memory

Back 4

a relatively permanent store of information that represents what most people mean by memory

Front 5

encoding

Back 5

getting information into the system

Front 6

consolidation

Back 6

information if processed and organized in a form suitable for longer term storage.

Front 7

storage

Back 7

refers to holding information in long term memory store

Front 8

retrieval

Back 8

the process of getting information out when it is needed

Front 9

Recognition Memory

Back 9

recognizing something among the options (multiple choice tests)

Front 10

Recall Memory

Back 10

requires active retrieval without the aid of cues (For example an open ended test question)

Front 11

implicit memory

Back 11

occurs unintentionally, automatically, and without awareness

Front 12

explicit memory

Back 12

involves deliberate effortful recollection of events.

Front 13

__________ memory is tested through traditional recognition and recall tests such as a course's final exam)

Back 13

explicit

Front 14

problem solving

Back 14

use of the information processing system to achieve a goal or arrive at a decision.

Front 15

deferred imitation

Back 15

the ability to imitate a novel act after a delay, which clearly requires memory ability.

Front 16

preservation errors

Back 16

young children have the tendency to continue to use the same strategy even if it was unsuccessful in the past

Front 17

rehearsal

Back 17

memory strategy of repeating items

Front 18

organization

Back 18

memory strategy of classifying things into meaningful groups

Front 19

elaboration

Back 19

creating meaningful links between items remembered

Front 20

metamemory

Back 20

knowledge of memory and to monitoring and regulating memory processes

Front 21

What are some ways that infant memory is assesed?

Back 21

imitation, habituation, and long term memory is assessed by operant conditioning

Front 22

What are the four hypotheses about why memory gets better as a child ages?

Back 22

1. changes in basic capacities
2. changes in memory strategies
3. increased knowledge about memory
4. increased knowledge about the world

Front 23

Children effortlessly remember all sorts of facts (favorite toy, birthdays, etc) what type of memory does this represent?

Back 23

autobiographical memory

Front 24

childhood amnesia

Back 24

older children have few autobiographical memories of the events that occurred before age 2 or 3

Front 25

Scripts

Back 25

represent the typical sequence of actions related to an event and guide future behaviors in similar settings

Front 26

What is sieglers theory of development?

Back 26

rather than picturing development as a series of stages representing stair steps it should be represented as overlapping waves.

Front 27

consolidation

Back 27

In information processing, the processing and organizing of information into a form suitable for long-term storage.

Front 28

Old people have more trouble with recognition or recall?

Back 28

recall

Front 29

Aging has more negative effects on what type of memory? implicit? or explicit?

Back 29

explicit

Front 30

What is an example of a test measuring explicit memory?

Back 30

cued recall

Front 31

What is an example of a test measuring implicit memory?

Back 31

fill in the blank

Front 32

What is an autobiographical memory?

Back 32

a memory about yourself

Front 33

What factors influence autobiographical memories?

Back 33

personal significance, distinctiveness, emotional intensity, and life phase of the event.

Front 34

What is assosciated with better recall?

Back 34

- distinctiveness or uniqueness of an event
- events assosciated with either highly negatigve or highly positive motions

Front 35

What time period do people recall the most information from (except for the present)?

Back 35

their teens and 20s

Front 36

What are some of the major weaknesses of an older adults memory skills?

Back 36

timed tasks, unfamiliar content, unexercised skills, recall versus recognition, explicit memory tasks

Front 37

What type of memory declines as someone ages?

Back 37

episodic memory (recall of specific events that are tied to a specific time and place)

Front 38

What affects children's memory and causes them to misremember information?

Back 38

Scripts -When preschoolers are presented with information inconsistent with their scripts, preschoolers may misremember the information so that it better fits their script.

Front 39

True or False: Memory is an exact replication.

Back 39

False. It is a reconstruction

Front 40

utilization deficiency

Back 40

these children can now spontaneously produce a strategy but their task performance does not yet benefit from using the strategy

Front 41

production deficiency

Back 41

in which children can use strategies they are thought but do not produce them on their own.

Front 42

fuzzy-trace theory

Back 42

an attempt to explain childhood amnesia, As we age we are more likely to rely on memories that are gists because we lose our memory of specific events so they are fuzzy memories

Front 43

sensory register

Back 43

your sensory register will log information and holds it for a fraction of a second as an after image. then it gets registered. attentional processes have to do with this