Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
ADHD
|
Characteristics: Inattention, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity 6+ months in 2+ environments Better in fun setting that offers immed. rewards Worse in boring setting w/ delayed consequence Tx: Medication--stimulants Parent/Teacher training |
|
|
Autism (Characteristics)
|
Characteristics (rated 1-3 in severity): Impairment in social communication (must have all) social/emotional reciprocity, nonverbal comm., relationships Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior (2+) stereotypical/repetitive motor movements, insistence on sameness, fixated interest on one thing only, abnormal reactivity to sensory input |
|
|
Autism (Epidemiology)
|
Prevalence: 1 in 50 (previously thought 1:10,000) Onset: typically before age 3 Gender: more common in males (4:1) Culture: worldwide prevalence Intellectual Funct: 38% have int. disability, 25% are nonverbal |
|
|
Autism (Interventions)
|
Areas to Intervene: Language/Communication Social Interaction Problem Behavior |
|
|
Psychosis & Psychotic Disorders |
Psychosis: set of symptoms...(fever) Disorders: Schizophrenia, brief psychotic, depression w/ psychotic factors, schizophreniform |
|
|
Schizophrenia (Epidemiology)
|
Prevalence: 1% lifetime, all cultures, some diagnostic biases Onset: typically earlier in men (19 vs 22) Course: 22% have single episode then recover, other 78% experience mult. episodes w/ varying degrees of impairment between typical-relatively stable functioning with discrete episodes of exacerbation |
|
|
Schizophrenia (Neurotransmitters) |
Neurotransmitters: dopamine hypothesis; agonists increase D, antagonists decrease...BUT doesn't work in all patients...suggests that D is not main issue at play Too much D in PK patients can look like SD..too much blocking of D in PK can look like SD |
|
|
Schizophrenia (Bio. & Psychosocial Interventions) |
Biological: 1930s: insulin coma, ECT, prefrontal lobotomy 1950s on: major tranquilizers *Meds are the first line of Tx in SD* Psychosocial: Family Therapy: psychoeducation, recognition training, maintaining structure, med compliance Behavioral T: social skills & vocational training Cog T: challenging delusional thoughts |
|
|
Schizophrenia (Symptoms) |
Positive: presence of things that ought not be Negative: absence of things that should be there Disorganized: breakdown in linear thought jumbled words and thoughts makes sense to patients, not to others loose associations, tangentiality |
|
|
Personality Disorders (Basics) |
-patient may not see it as a problem within themselves, but a problem among everyone else -unstable -culturally defined -historically attributed to religious factors |
|
|
Personality: The Big 5 |
-Neuroticism: negative emotional states -Extraversion: positive emotional states -Openness: ...to experience -Agreeableness: ...how easy are you to work with -Conscientiousness: i.e., work ethic, reliability |
|
|
Personality Disorders (General Criteria) |
A: maladaptive patten in 2+ areas (emotion, cognition, interpersonal funct., impulse control) B: pattern is inflexible & pervasive C: clinically significant distress or impairment D: pattern is stable, with onset in adolescence E: NOT better explained by another disorder F: NOT attributable to substance or medical dx |
|
|
Personality Disorders (Clusters) |
Cluster A: Odd/Eccentric paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal detached/distrusting...i.e., conspiracy theorists Cluster B: Dramatic/Emotional?Erratic antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic manipulative, trouble managing emotions Cluster C: Anxious/Fearful avoidant, dependent, o/c |
|
|
Personality Disorders (Epidemiology) |
Prevalence: ~10% in gen pop (higher in clinical setting) Development: theoretically begins in childhood, chronic course if untreated high comorbidity...within PDs and Axis I dxs |
|
|
Borderline PD |
"pattern of instability in multiple areas of life" *borderline = too much of all the emotions* -Mood: marked reactivity, chronic emptiness, intense anger -Thoughts: B&W, unstable sense of self/ID, stress-induced paranoia, dissociation -Behaviors: frantic efforts to avoid perceived consequences, stormy rxs, impulsive/self-destructive, suicidal & self harm TX = Dialectical Behavior Therapy |
|
|
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) |
*Marsha Linehan, 1993: "CBT isn't working"* USED FOR: BPD, Dep., Anx., Suicidality -BDP is hard to treat bc patients are... impulsive, reactive, chronically suicidal raised in profoundly invalidating environments ^leads to therapist burnout -Dialect: hold 2 opposed views in mind, find wisdom in each -4 Core Skills: mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, emotion regulation, distress tolerance |
|
|
Classification of PDs |
Categorical: familiar, quick com'cation; co-occurrence, inadequate, arbitrary cutoffs Dimensional: eliminate heterogeneity, lmt'd bias; "PDs are maladaptive, extreme versions of normal personality traits" |
|
|
Substance Use |
Sympt's: using more than intended, difficulty reducing usage, time-consuming, craving, failure to fulfill obligations Levels of Involv'nt: Use -> Intox'tion -> Abuse -> Dependence -No longer distinction between A & D...just a general diagnosis Substance-Related: sub. is the prob Substance-Induced: condition is caused by sub |
|
|
Sleep & Mood |
Sleep <--> Mood...bidirectional relationship Stages (one cycle through = ~90mins) 1: 5-10 minutes (if unbothered), highly concious 2: less concious 3/4: delta waves...deepest stage of sleep REM: dreams, brain awake/active, body paralyzed, consolidating memory |
