Psy 324 Exam 3

Front 1

What does Berk define as a "rapid appraisal of the personal significance of a situation"?

Back 1

Emotions

Front 2

According to ____________ , emotions prepare us for action on matters of personal importance (energize behavior aimed at attaining personal goals.)

Back 2

functionalists

Front 3

Do emotions relate to physical health?

Back 3

Yes, stress is the most well known emotion, being detrimental to physical health.

Front 4

Define Self-Conscious emotions

Back 4

Emotions such as shame, embarrassment, guilt, envy, and pride that involve injury to or enhancement of the sense of self.

Front 5

What does emotional self-regulation refer to?

Back 5

The strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity so we can accomplish our goals.

Front 6

How do parents affect emotional self-regulation during early childhood?

Back 6

Adult-Child conversations prepare children for difficult experiences and also foster emotional self-regulation.

Front 7

what are examples of basic emotional self-regulation skills in middle childhood and beyond?

Back 7

Specific examples are tolerating teasing, physical aggression without crying and being able to "lose" without being uncontrollably upset or angry.

Front 8

What are the consequences of failing to learn basic emotional self-rugulational skills in middle-childhood

Back 8

The children are vulnerable to peer rejection, bullies and victimizations

Front 9

Define emotional self-efficacy

Back 9

Lack of E.S.E is the feeling of not being able to control one's emotions.

Front 10

What are the effects of lack of emotional self-efficacy?

Back 10

Doubly threatened, they are threatened by the attacker and the fear of experiencing overwhelming emotions

Front 11

Define emotional display rules.

Back 11

When, where and how it is appropriate to express emotions.

Front 12

What does social referencing refer to in terms of emotional reactions?

Back 12

Relying on another person's emotional reaction to appraise an uncertain situation.

Front 13

How is social referencing involved in emotional development during childhood?

Back 13

Because children are highly attentive to parents reactions, and they can learn that other can feel differently than they do in any given situation.

Front 14

What are two examples of emotional understanding that develop during middle childhood?

Back 14

Developed around 3-4th grades, one example is interpreting a picture of a child smiling but standing in front of a broken bike.

Front 15

Why is it important for parents to label their children's emotions and discuss them?

Back 15

If parents discuss their emotions, the more "emotion words" children use and the better developed their emotional understanding becomes.

Front 16

Define Empathy

Back 16

The ability to detect different emotions, to take another's emotional perspective and "feel" with that person.

Front 17

What is prosocial behavior?

Back 17

Any behavior toward another person that is positive, or exhibits empathy.

Front 18

How do parenting styles affect empathetic responses?

Back 18

Parents can help regulate feelings, such as anger, and teach the importance of kindness. Angry parents disrupt empathy and sympathy.

Front 19

Define temperament

Back 19

early-appearing, stable individual differences in re activity and self-regulation.

Front 20

Describe Easy (Temperament)

Back 20

Generally cheerful and adapts easily to new experiences.

Front 21

Describe Difficult (Temperament)

Back 21

Slow to accept new experiences, and tends to react negatively and intensely.

Front 22

Define Slow-To-Warm-Up (Temperament)

Back 22

Shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli, negative in mood, and adjusts slowly to new experiences.

Front 23

Describe goodness-of-fit model of temperament.

Back 23

Involves creating child-rearing environments that recognize each child's temperament while encouraging.

Front 24

Define Attachment

Back 24

The strong, affectionate tie we have with special people in our lives that leads us to experiences pleasure and joy when we interact with them. And comforted by their nearness in times of stress.

Front 25

Describe secure attachment

Back 25

When separated, may or may not cry. Prefer parent over stranger, and when parent returns, crying stops immediately.

Front 26

What factors influence how stable or unstable the quality of attachment is over time?

Back 26

SES factors into things. Better the family is, the better the quality of attachment.

Front 27

Define Sensitive caregiving

Back 27

Responding promptly, consistently and appropriately to infants and holding them tenderly and carefully

Front 28

Define interactional synchrony

Back 28

where the caregiver responds to infant signals in a well-timed, rhythmic, appropriate fashion.

Front 29

Define perspective taking

Back 29

the capacity to imagine what others may be thinking and feeling and to distinguish those viewpoints from one's own.

Front 30

Define recursive thought

Back 30

A form of perspective taking in which the person can consider other people's perspectives as well as their own.

Front 31

Define Self-Concept

Back 31

The set of attributes, abilities, and values that an individual believes defines who he or she is.

Front 32

Define Self-Esteem

Back 32

The judgments we make about our own worth and the feelings associated with those judgments.

Front 33

Define attributions

Back 33

Our common, everyday explanations for the causes of behavior, our answers to the question "Why did I or another person do that?"

Front 34

How does "mastery-oriented" attributions differ from "learned helplessness"?

Back 34

Mastery-oriented att. is crediting their successes to ability,

Learned Helplessness is credidting their failures to their ability

Front 35

Define Identity

Back 35

Constructing identity involves defining who you are, what you value, and the directions you choose to pursue in life.

Front 36

Describe 3 components of morality studied in psychology

Back 36

Emotional, Cognitive and behavioral components

Front 37

Define internalization

Back 37

adopting societal standards for right action as one's own.

Front 38

How does modeling fit into the process of moral development?

Back 38

Observing and imitating adults who demonstrate appropriate behavior.

Front 39

What are some effects of punishment?

Back 39

Frequent punishment results in immediate compliance, will show inappropriate response once adult is out of site.

Front 40

What personality style is associated with maturity of moral reasoning?

Back 40

Open Minded

Front 41

What kinds of child rearing practices are associated with large gains in moral maturity among children?

Back 41

warmth, exchange of ideas and appropriate demands for maturity.

Front 42

How does peer interaction promote more mature moral reasoning?

Back 42

when peers negotiate and compromise they realize that social life can be based on cooperation between equals.

Front 43

Define moral self-regualtion

Back 43

the ability to monitor one's own conduct,.

Front 44

Define reactive aggression

Back 44

Angry, defensive response to a provocation or a blocked goal and is meant to hurt

Front 45

Define relational aggression

Back 45

Damages another's relationship through social exclusion, gossip, or friendship manipulation.

Front 46

Guess what....

Back 46

I LOVE YOU MORE THAN YOU WILL EVER KNOW!