Psy 313 Exam 4

Front 1

Psychological Behaviorism

Back 1

Behavioral theory proposed byStaats, that includes traditional personality concerns (e.g., emotion testing) as well as behavior

Front 2

Time-out procedure

Back 2

A procedure or environment in which no reinforcements are given in an effort to extinguish unwanted behavior

Front 3

Basic Behavioral Repertoires (BBRs)`

Back 3

learned behaviors fundamental to later learning of more complex behavior, in three categories: language-cognitive, emotional-motivational, and sensory motor

Front 4

Language Cognitive

Back 4

Speech, reading, thinking , planning, social interaction
personality tests= intelligence tests, reading readiness tests

Front 5

Emotional Motivational

Back 5

Social interactions with friends and family, sexual arousal. enjoying work and recreation, depression, anxiety, responses to reinforcement and punishment, religious values, music, art
personality tests= interest tests, values tests, motivation tests, depression and anxiety tests, attitude tests

Front 6

Sensory Motor

Back 6

Feeding toilet training, writing, aggressive behavior, active-passive behavior, athletic behavior, social skills, "masculine", "feminine"
personality tests=intelligence tests (geometric designs and mazes) behavioral assessments, sensation seeking, expressive behavior measures

Front 7

Act frequency Approach

Back 7

Measuring personality traits by assessing the frequency of prototypical behaviors

Front 8

Drive

Back 8

What a person wants which motivates learning; first fundamental concept about learning

Front 9

Cue

Back 9

What a person notices which provides a discriminative stimulus for learning; second fundamental concept of learning

Front 10

Response

Back 10

What a person does which can be learned; third fundamental concept of learning

Front 11

Reward

Back 11

What a person gets as a result of a response in the learning sequence, which strengthens responses because if its drive reducing effect; fourth fundamental concept of learning

Front 12

Learning Dilemma

Back 12

A situation in which existing responses are not rewarded, which leads to change

Front 13

Response Hierarchy

Back 13

List of all the responses a person could make in a given situation, arranged from most likely to least likely

Front 14

Dominant Response

Back 14

A person's most likely response in a given situaion

Front 15

Resultant Hierarchy

Back 15

A response hierarchy after it has been modified by learning

Front 16

Gradient of Reward

Back 16

The more closely the response is followed by a reward, the more it is strengthened

Front 17

Gradient of Punishment

Back 17

Delayed punishment is less effective than immediate punishment

Front 18

Anticipatory response

Back 18

Tendency of responses that precede reward to occur earlier and earlier in the behavioral sequence

Front 19

Imitation

Back 19

Learning by observing actions of others

Front 20

Same behavior

Back 20

a person's behavior being the same as that of a model, considering the cues and reinforcements as well as th response

Front 21

Matched Dependent Behavior

Back 21

Learning to make the same response as a model, in response to a cue from the model

Front 22

Gradient of Approach

Back 22

The greater tendency to approach a goal, the closer one is to it

Front 23

Gradient of Avoidence

Back 23

The greater tendency to avoid a goal, the closer one is to it

Front 24

Approach-Avoidance Conflict

Back 24

Conflict in which an organism simultaneously wishes to approach and avoid the same goal

Front 25

Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict

Back 25

Conflict which an organism must choose between two goals, both of which it finds undesirable but is constrained from leaving the field (abandoning the situation)

Front 26

Approach-Approach Conflict

Back 26

Conflict in which an organism simultaneously wishes to approach two incompatible goals

Front 27

Double Approach-Avoidance Conflict

Back 27

Conflict in which an organism must choose between two options, both of which have positive and negative aspects

Front 28

Frustration aggression hypothesis

Back 28

The hypothesis that frustration always leads to aggression, and aggression is always; caused by frustration

Front 29

Suppression

Back 29

Willfully putting thoughts out of consciousness

Front 30

Personality Coefficient

Back 30

The average relationship between self report personality measures and behavior, estimated by Mischel at r=.30

Front 31

Consistency Paradox

Back 31

The mismatch between intuition, which says that people are consistent, and research findings which say they are not

Front 32

Cognitive Person Variables

Back 32

Cognitive factors within a person, less global than traits, which influence how an individual adapts to the enviornment

Front 33

Personal Constructs

Back 33

Trait terms that people use to describe themselves and other people

Front 34

Encoding Strategies

Back 34

Person variables concerned with how a person construes reality

Front 35

Prototype

Back 35

A typical example of an object or type of a person; a "fuzzy" concept typical of the categories people use in perceiving others

Front 36

Competencies

Back 36

person variables concerned with what a person is able to do

Front 37

Expectancies

Back 37

subjective beliefs about what will happen in a particular situation (including behavior outcomes, stimulus outcomes, and self efficacies)

Front 38

Behavior outcome expectancies

Back 38

Expectancy about what will happen if a person behaves in a particular way

Front 39

Stimulus-outcome expectancies

Back 39

Whether individual believes a behavior will lead to a desired reinforcer

Front 40

Self-efficacy

Back 40

Subjective beliefs about what a person will be able to do

Front 41

Subjective Stimulus value

Back 41

How much an outcome is valued by an individual

Front 42

Self regulatory systems and plans

Back 42

ways that a person works on complicated behavior (i.e., by setting goals and by self criticism)

Front 43

Delay of gratification

Back 43

The ability to give up immediate gratifications for longer, more distant rewards

Front 44

Reciprocal Determinism

Back 44

The interacting mutual influences of the person, the environment, and the behavior

Front 45

Retention process

Back 45

Remembering what a model has done

Front 46

Motor Reproduction Process

Back 46

Being able to do what one has seen a model do

Front 47

Motivational process

Back 47

Deciding whether it is worthwhile to behave as a model has behaved

Front 48

Vicarious Learning

Back 48

Learning by observing others, without being directly rewarded oneself

Front 49

Collective Efficacy

Back 49

The sense that a group can do what is to be done

Front 50

Moral Disengagement

Back 50

Failure to regulate one's behavior to live up to high moral standards

Front 51

Julian Rotter

Back 51

Locus of Control--beliefs about the ability to affect outcomes

-external-doing something for something else
-internal-achievement motivation;solely for the feeling of doing something well

Front 52

Reinforcement Value (incentive)

Back 52

value to expected reinforcer to individual

Front 53

Behavior Potential

Back 53

likelihood a behavior will be performed in a particular situation