Psy 312 Test 1

Front 1

2 primary cell types in nervous system

Back 1

neurons and glial cells

Front 2

cell body

Back 2

contains genetic material, provides nutrients, helps convey info.

Front 3

dendrites

Back 3

primarily receive info from adjacent neurons

Front 4

axons

Back 4

primarily convey info from one neuron to the next

Front 5

motor neurons

Back 5

efferent-carry info from CNS (brain) to muscles

(e=exit)

Front 6

sensory neurons

Back 6

afferent-carry info toward CNS (brain)

(a=advance)

Front 7

interneurons

Back 7

carry info within regions

Front 8

glial cells

Back 8

provide nutrients to neurons, support, play role in response to neural injury, help brain development

Front 9

neurotrophic factors

Back 9

make substances that help neurons survive

Front 10

myelin sheaths

Back 10

insulation for faster conveying of info

Front 11

astrocytes

Back 11

clean up after injury

Front 12

radial glia

Back 12

acts as scaffold/guide for neurons

Front 13

autonomic nervous system (PNS)

Back 13

"involuntary", role in emotion/stress, controls smooth muscles, 2 anatomically separate components (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

Front 14

sympathetic nervous system

Back 14

"fight or flight", activated during emergencies, stress, arousal

Front 15

parasympathetic nervous system

Back 15

maintain homeostasis, energy restoration after the stress is over; reduces heart rate, breathing, reactivates food digestion

Front 16

somatic nervous system (PNS)

Back 16

conveys sensory info to CNS and motor commands from the CNS to the muscles

Front 17

nerves

Back 17

bundle of axons outside of CNS

Front 18

sensory nerves

Back 18

carry info to brain (afferent), dorsal roots (cell bodies for sensory nerves)

Front 19

motor nerves

Back 19

carry info away from brain (efferent), ventral (cell bodies in ventral horn)

Front 20

cranial nerves

Back 20

primarily head and face; sensory and/or motor

Front 21

bell's palsy

Back 21

1 or more of the 7th cranial nerve swells (sometimes after a flu/cold); causes paralysis of face

Front 22

skull (vertebrae)

Back 22

strong, but can produce closed head injury

ex: coup=site of injury
contra coup=brain bounces back
(like in a car accident)

Front 23

cerebral spinal fluid

Back 23

shock absorber, nutrients, less gravity pressure, constant production

Front 24

ventricles

Back 24

fluid filled spaces that make cerebral spinal fluid

Front 25

hydrocephaly

Back 25

if flow of cerebral spinal fluid is blocked, fluid is still produced and brain gets pushed/smushed against skull
(fixed by VP shunt that drains fluid)

Front 26

meninges

Back 26

3 layers of protective covering over the brain, some very thin (indistinguishable), others very thick

Front 27

blood brain barrier

Back 27

tight blood vessels and glial cells; keeps chemicals from getting in, drugs that can cross this can cross placenta

Front 28

spinal cord: gray matter

Back 28

butterfly shaped, contains cell bodies

Front 29

spinal cord: white matter

Back 29

axons (myelinated)

Front 30

spinal tracts

Back 30

bundle of axons inside the CNS

Front 31

hindbrain: medulla

Back 31

like spinal cord but in brain; basic reflexes (blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, vomiting)
many cranial nerves enter brain through medulla

Front 32

hindbrain: pons

Back 32

left and right, sleep, dreaming

Front 33

hindbrain: cerebellum

Back 33

has over 50% of neurons in brain, important for balance, motor memories

Front 34

midbrain

Back 34

sensory info, movement

Front 35

forebrain

Back 35

for intelligence look at size and folds, cerebral cortex (can fit more tissue folds), 4 lobes

Front 36

forebrain: frontal lobe

Back 36

motor functions (voluntary movement), prefrontal (higher function--decisions); damage can result in personality changes

Front 37

forebrain: parietal lobe

Back 37

interpretation of somatosensory info (touch)

Front 38

forebrain: temporal lobe

Back 38

audition (hearing), emotion

Front 39

forebrain: occipital lobe

Back 39

vision

Front 40

primary motor cortex

Back 40

sens commands from motor neurons down spinal cord to muscles, has more space for more complex body parts

Front 41

association motor cortex

Back 41

sends coordinated commands to primary cortex, right controls left side of body and vice versa

Front 42

apraxia

Back 42

occurs with damage to motor association cortex, can't put movements together

Front 43

primary sensory cortex

Back 43

receives sensory input from sensory system

Front 44

association sensory cortex

Back 44

sends info

Front 45

subcortical: thalamus

Back 45

important for relay of sensory and motor info, has tremendous projections of neurons across many regions of the cerebral cortex

Front 46

subcortical: hypothalamus

Back 46

feeding, fleeing, fighting, fucking; maternal instincts, thirst, drinking, eating

Front 47

subcortical: limbic system

Back 47

emotion, hyppocampus=learning and memory

Front 48

subcortical: basal ganglia

Back 48

important in Parkinson's Disease

Front 49

subcortical: corpus callosum

Back 49

serves as bridge b/w left and right hemispheres (sole purpose), millions of axons, allow communication b/w left and right

Front 50

3 states in neuron communication

Back 50

resting, active (neuron is firing and generating action potential), refractory (brief; recovery)

Front 51

At rest

Back 51

inside of axon has slightly negative charge compared to outside (stored energy that neuron can send quickly if necessary)

Front 52

Stimulated

Back 52

depolarization->threshold if great enough->action potential...very fast

Front 53

Depolarization

Back 53

change from negative to more positive

Front 54

Hyperpolarization

Back 54

return to negative