Psy 312: Final Exam Flashcards

Front 1

Baker, McFall, & Shoham (2009)’s solutions for the current state of Clinical psychology

Back 1

○ Move clinical training program towards medical training programs
○ New accreditation process that demands high quality science training as a central feature of doctoral training in clinical psychology

Front 2

What are the lifetime prevalence rates of mental illness (across 17 countries)?

Back 2

Mental illness is relatively common (12%-47.5%) across 17 countries

Front 3

What percentage of individuals need psychological help in a given year?

Back 3

Around 25%

Front 4

What percentage of individuals needing treatment actually receive it?

Back 4

32.9% (A vast majority of people needing treatment do not receive it)

Front 5

One factor that led to the development of Community Psych?

Back 5

Shift away from individual-focused practices in health care and psychology towards interest in public health, prevention, and social change

Front 6

Factors contributing to development of Community Psychology
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 6

1. Social psychology’s interest in prejudice, poverty, and other social interests
2. Perceived need of larger-scale mental illness treatment for veterans
3. Questioning value of psychotherapy alone in treating large number of people with mental illness
4. Development of community mental health centers and deinstitutionalization
■ Able to maintain connection with families

Front 7

First-order vs. Second-order change

Back 7

Changing individuals in a setting to attempt
to fix a problems vs. attending to systems and
structures involved with the problems to
adjust the person-environment fit

Front 8

Microsystems

Back 8

Environments in which the individual is directly engaged with others (family members, fellow students, friends, business associates, etc.)

Front 9

Organizations

Back 9

Sets of larger microsystems (schools, religious organizations)

Front 10

Localities

Back 10

Multiple sets of organizations of microsystems (Community coalitions)

Front 11

Macrosystems

Back 11

Societies, cultures, government and economic institutions

Front 12

Prevention and health promotion within Community psych

Back 12

Preventing social, emotional and behavioral
problems and wellness and health
promotion at the individual and community
levels
(Services offered to the general population or to
individuals identified as at risk for a disorder to
reduce likelihood of a future disorder)

Front 13

What does the ecological levels of analysis tell us about how the individual and society are related?

Back 13

The individual and society are interdependent

Front 14

Tertiary Prevention

Back 14

■ Reduce the duration of mental illness
■ reduce the negative effects of mental disorders
■ reducing the effects rather than the rate

Front 15

Secondary Prevention

Back 15

■ Promote early identification of mental health problems
■ Prompt treatment of problems early on
■ Attack problems while still manageable
■ EX. Screening program for elementary children at risk for maladjustment

Front 16

Primary Prevention

Back 16

■ Counteract harmful circumstances BEFORE they have the chance to produce illness. EX prenatal care for disadvantaged women

Front 17

Universal Prevention

Back 17

● Address the entire population
● All individuals without screening are provided with information and skills necessary to prevent problems
○ Need low risk and inexpensive/useful

Front 18

Selective Prevention

Back 18

● Focuses on groups whose risk of developing problems is above average
● Subgroups may be distinguished by characteristics such as age, gender, family history, or economic status

Front 19

Indicated Prevention

Back 19

● Involves a screening process to identify individuals who exhibit signs of disorder or problematic behaviors

Front 20

IOM Prevention Programs (Institute of Medicine)

Back 20

■ Universal Prevention
■ Selective Prevention
■ Indicated Prevention

Front 21

Social justice and diversity

Back 21

■ Advocacy for equality and policies that allow for well-being of all
■ Respect for value and diversity

Front 22

Empowerment

Back 22

■ Increase empowerment of individuals and communities that have been marginalized.
● Involvement of individuals in process

Front 23

Consultation

Back 23

■ Work with other service providers (e.g. teachers, ministers, paraprofessionals) to ultimately reach more clients directly

Front 24

Empirical grounding

Back 24

Quantitative and qualitative research methods

Front 25

Does consultation work?

Back 25

Large effect on providers behavior, small effect on clients behavior

Front 26

Effectiveness of community psychology-based interventions and prevention programs

Back 26

○ Moderate to large effects
■ Headstart
○ Self-Help
■ AA, self-directed interventions

Front 27

_______ psychology focuses on diversity, preventative care, empowerment, and competency over deficits

Back 27

Health psychology

Front 28

Roles of a clinical health psychologist

Back 28

○ Dedicated to the promotion and maintenance of health, prevention of illness and identification of causes related to health, illness, and well-being
○ Focus on mind-body connection
○ Health psychologists can be involved in health care policy and the shaping of the public opinion with the regard to health

Front 29

How stress can affect health
1.
2.
3.

Back 29

1. Physiological stress response can be helpful
2. Severe and prolonged stress (over-activation of body’s response system) has adverse effect
3. Reduces immune system’s effectiveness (immunosuppression)

Front 30

Transactional Model of Stress

Back 30

Hostile people create stressful environments
● High levels of mistrust lead to more stressful environments
● Psychosocial vulnerability

Front 31

Message framing and health behavior

Back 31

Using sunscreen can help avoid skin cancer= more effective.
Not using sunscreen can lead to skin cancer= less effective

Front 32

School and people

Back 32

Micro

Front 33

Government and economic systems

Back 33

Macro

Front 34

First-order: Change ___________

Back 34

Change Individuals

Front 35

Second-order: Change ___________

Back 35

Change the system