Psy 312: Final Exam Flashcards

Front 1

Classical conditioning (Pavlov)

Back 1

■ dogs salivate before given food
■ conditioned stimulus begins to create conditioned response
■ extinction happens rather quickly

Front 2

Watson and Rayner (Little Albert)

Back 2

■ conditioned to fear rats
■ generalized to all white fuzzy things

Front 3

Cover Jones (Little Peter)

Back 3

■ afraid of rabbits
■ brought cage closer and closer while eating until he could touch it

Front 4

Systematic desensitization - Wolpe

Back 4

■ clinical application of classical conditioning
■ rank fear of things associated with fear
■ reduce anxiety and hierarchically introduce fears

Front 5

Operant conditioning (Skinner)

Back 5

■ cats in puzzle box
■ behaviors with good response will be repeated
■ learning improves with practice
■ focus on voluntary behavior
■ positive - something added
■ negative - something taken away
■ sharp increase in response when first extinct
● intermittent lasts longer than continuous

Front 6

Social Learning Theory (Bandura)

Back 6

■ related to operant conditioning but things happen inside and out
■ BOBO doll experiment, operational learning

Front 7

REBT (Ellis) and Cognitive Therapy (Beck)

Back 7

■ focus on “mediating cognitive factors”

Front 8

History of cognitive-behavioral therapy

Back 8

○ classical conditioning (Pavlov)
○ Watson and Rayner (little albert)
○ cover jones (little peter)
○ systematic desensitization (Wolpe)
○ operant conditioning (skinner)
○ social learning theory (bandura)
○ REBT (Ellis) and Cognitive Therapy (Beck)

Front 9

Hollon et al. (2005)'s findings when comparing CBT and continued antidepressants for depression

Back 9

Found that CBT and medication have similar immediate effects but CBT has better long-lasting effects.

Front 10

Rational emotive behavior therapy

Back 10

■ change behavior by changing how you think about it
■ behavior determined by interpretations of events
■ confront illogical thinking and find alternatives

Front 11

Cognitive therapy

Back 11

■ most effective treatment for depression
● also used for eating disorder, anxiety dx, personality dx
■ modify thinking that characterizes the problem
■ examine reality of thoughts, reattribute to appropriate source

Front 12

What is the best form of therapy for depression?

Back 12

Cognitive therapy

Front 13

Effectiveness of CBT

Back 13

○ better than no treatment
○ enduring effect beyond treatment, as effective as keeping patient on meds

Front 14

General cognitive model

Back 14

Situation --> Automatic thoughts (negative, assumed to be true) --> Reaction

Front 15

Which form of therapy is seen as the most efficacious of all psych interventions?

Back 15

CBT

Front 16

Seeks to modify patterns of thinking that are believe to contribute to a patient’s problem

Back 16

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Front 17

Practicing deficit skills through role-playing
Example:
● assertiveness training (inhibits anxiety)
● social skills training
● problem-solving therapy

Back 17

Behavioral rehearsal

Front 18

■ administer aversive stimulus to inhibit unwanted behavior
■ obesity, smoking, alcoholism, sexual deviation
■ agents, covert sensitization, response cost, overcorrection
■ usually last resort

Back 18

Aversion therapy

Front 19

■ first used in institutional setting
■ desirable behavior and absence of undesirable behavior rewarded
■ kids, mental retardation
■ reward occurs immediately

Back 19

Token economy

Front 20

For maximum benefit what should exposure therapy do?

Back 20

● long duration
● repeated until gone
● hierarchical
● must interact with stimulus
● must provoke anxiety

Front 21

Exposed to feared stimuli (real or imaginary)

Back 21

Exposure therapy (flooding)

Front 22

Best treatment for phobias, panic disorder, social phobia, PTSD, OCD

Back 22

Exposure therapy (flooding)

Front 23

■ patient has ability to respond correctly but has anxiety instead - goal to reduce this anxiety
■ teach to relax then gradually introduce fear stimuli (anxiety hierarchy)
■ animal phobias, public speaking, social anxiety

Back 23

Systematic desensitization

Front 24

Basic characteristics of behavioral therapy

Back 24

■ maladaptive behavior best understood by learned behavior
■ scientific emphasis/de-emphasis of inferred variable
■ focuses on present - what currently maintains problem
■ treatment driven by functional analysis
■ treatment active, directive, collaborative

Front 25

Role of the therapist in CBT

Back 25

Role is to be empathetic understanding, unconditional positive regard, genuineness
DOES NOT involve reassurance or interpretation