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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Experimental
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Manipulated Indep. variable
Random Assignment |
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Correlation
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Subject/state variable
No random assignment |
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Independent variable
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experimenter belives affects a given dependent variable
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Dependent variable
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affected by the IV
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IV state
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characteristic that can be used to separate groups (age, class)
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IV manipulated
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experimenter can change the values
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Operational def.
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Working definition
EX: Maternal behaviors OP def: Immunizations +birthweight of infants |
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Cross sectional
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Only see at one point in time
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Longitudinal
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same group of people followed over time
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Cross-sequential
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first year: cross sectional
groups are eliminated after set amount of time, new groups added. |
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Psychoanalytic
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Childhood motives influence adulthood. Freud's psychosexual stages, Erikson's psychosocial stages
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Behavioral
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Seen behavior, anything can be learned step by step.
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Conditioning
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responses become linked to stimuli (pavlov's dog)
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Classical conditioning
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associate neutral stimulus w/ meaningful, gradually respond to neutral
(mechanistic) |
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operant conditioning
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behavior - response.
pleasurable= repetition (mechanistic) |
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Social learning
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appreciation, touching, warmth, reassurance
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Cognitive
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(Piaget) thoughts and expectations profoundly affect attitudes, beliefs, values, assumptions, actions
Thinking changes over time Intellectual growth is active responsive to clashing ideas and challenging experiences, not dependent on maturation or repetition |
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Sociocultural
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(Vygotsky) Human development results from dynamic interaction between developing persons and society/culture around them
Guided participation Zone of proximal development |
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Epigenetic
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Genes interact with environment to allow development
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Genotype
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complete genetic instructions
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Phenotype
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How genes are expressed
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Reaction Range
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Range of possible outcomes predicted by genetic-environmental interactions
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Teratogen
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Any environmental agent that causes damage to a developing organism
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Turner Syndrome
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45 chromosomes, only X.
No internal sex organs, short, retardation, young looks |
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Autosomal dominant
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one gene produces
Deafness 50/50 for offspring |
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Recessive
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each parent must carry at least one gene for disorder, child must inherit both (PKU, cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs, sickle cell)
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Sex-linked
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Only on X, hemophelia
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Polygenic
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many genes on many chromosomes contribute to disorder
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Rubella
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Teratogen for deafness, blindness, heart defects, retardation
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STD's
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teratogen, cause blindness
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Genetic counseling
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facts and helps parents discuss issues regarding passing conditions to children
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Teratology
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risk analysis of teratogens on development
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LBW
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development has not occurred properly (cigarettes)
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FAS
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fetal alcohol syndrome: drooping eyelids, retardation, impulse control, hyperactive
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