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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Morality?
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Knowing the difference between right and wrong.
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What is Moral Reasoning?
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The cognitive way people think about right and wrong.
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What is perspective taking?
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The ability to understand perspectives and motives of others.
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Describe Kohlbergs preconventional level. (Level 1)
Also Describe stage 1 and 2. |
Children accept rules of powerful others without thinking about where the rules came from.
Stage 1: children use rewards and punishments to determine what is 'moral' Stage 2: Children realize that people have different perspectives but are unable to see a situation in anothers perspective. |
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Describe Kohlbergs conventional level. (Level 2)
Also describe stages 3 and 4 |
Children begin to develop an understanding that following the rules is necessary for their social standing. They begin to be able to interpert a situation from someone elses point of view. They realize how their actions may affect others.
Stage 3: children follow rules in order to gain respect from friends and family. Stage 4: Children broaden their understanding and follow rules in order to maintain social order |
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Describe Kohlberg's Postconventional theory (level 3)
Also describe stages 5 and 6 |
Based on protection of rights. Always question morals.
Stage 5: Helps protect rights of individuals. things can be changed for greater fairness Stage 6: A person develops and follows his own ethical morals |
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What is the difference between structure and response?
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Content: you should steal the drugs
Structure: my family would be mad if i didnt The structure, not content determines moral reasoning. |
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Why do critics complain about Kohlbergs theory?
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They say it is based on justice orientation.
Ex) americans care about individual and asians care about community |
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What is a conscience?
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A sense of right and wrong.
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What is inductive parenting?
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Tells children how they should behave.Promotes positive aspects.
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What is empathy?
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The ability to understand another persons emotion.
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What is moral behavior?
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The degree to which a person acts in accordance with moral rules when faced with a situation that requires a choice.
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What is agression?
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Behavior intented to harm
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What is the difference between instrumental aggression, hostile aggression, and relational aggression?
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-Instrumental: carried out with intention of gaining something. Ex) when a child hits friend to get a toy
-Hostile: main goal is to harm -Relational: aims at harming social relationships or self esteem (girls more likely to do this than boys) |
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Is agression genetic?
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yes, it can be
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What factors influence whether or not a child will continue to exhibit agressive behavior?
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Family Enviornment.
-coercive home enviornment is one consisting of yelling and hitting |
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What is the difference between reactive and proactive aggressors?
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Reactive: quick to relaliate
Proactive: Don't jump to conclusion. |
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What is bullying?
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Ongoing verbal or physical behavior. Involvles imbalance of power
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What are conduct problems?
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A general category of rule-breaking behavior such as whining and yelling or forms of destructiveness.
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There are two types of conduct problems, Oppotitional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder. Explain them.
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ODD: Hostility toward authority figures. (breaking rules)
CD: Violations of peoples rights (harming people, setting fires) |
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What is adolescent-limited delinquency?
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AKA Late Starters
Delinquent behavior that begins during adolescence but does not continue into adulthood |
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What is life-course persistent pattern?
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AKA early starters
Delinquent behavior that begins in childhood and continues through adulthood. |
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What is substance use?
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ingesting any legal or illegal substance that alter behavior on one or more few occasions.
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What is substance abuse?
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Use of substance that created difficulties in day to day life.
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Where do most teens who drink get the alcohol?
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in their own home
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What is positive youth development?
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a view of development emphasizing how the developing child and his context interact to produce positive outcomes.
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What are developmental assets?
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aspects of the child or enviornment or experiences that help the child thrive
Ex) family support |
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What is prosocial reasoning?
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Children's thought processes about helping others.
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What is altruism?
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Voluntary behavior motivated by concern for another or by internal values and goals. Not by the expectation of rewards and punishments.
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What is religosity?
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An individuals relationship with a particular religion, and their interpretation of the rules, beliefs and guidelines.
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What is spirituality?
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An individuals search for meaning and purpose, a way of contributing to a greater good.
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What is a peer?
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People who are about the same age as eachother
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What is friendship?
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A voluntary, mutual, relationship that includes some degree of affection between peers.
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What is a mutual gaze?
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instant eye coontact between two people.
ex) infants at 2 years of age |
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What is coordinated imitation?
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Interaction between toddlers when they take turns imitating eachother, knowing what they are doing
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What is gender segregation?
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the tendency for children to associate with others of their same sex
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What are gender cultures?
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Different spheres of influence based on the differences that exist between male and female play groups. (keep-away)
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What is a clique?
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small groups of usually 3-9 friends who spend time together on a voluntary basis
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What are crowds?
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groups of adolescent peers who have similar reputations or share primary activities or attitudes (nerds, jocks, preps)
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What are affiliations?
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Friendly relationships with the opposite sex
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What are Romantic relationships?
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Relationships with passion, commitment, and loyalty.
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Through preschool and school age years, the 2 most important ingredients that promote friendships are...?
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Similarity and opportunity
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Describe the stages of friendship::
1. Play-based friends 2. Loyal and faithful friends 3. Intimate Friends |
1. age 3-7 spend time sharing toys and playing together
2. age 8-11 "he shares the best things with me" or "she sticks by my side when i am getting teased" 3. adolescence and beyond intimate friendships |
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Define Play
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a pleasureable activity that is actively engaged in on a voluntary basis. What a child does for fun
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Unoccupied Behavior
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Cody sitting alone in the play area, not playing with or watching anyone else
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Onlooking
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Cody follows sam as she plays; cody asks sam questions but does not play directly with sam
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Solitary Play
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Cody is playing in sandbox, sam is playing nearby. there is no connection between the two
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Parallel play
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Cody is in the sandbox pouring sand. So is sam but they are not itneracting
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Associative PLay
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Cody and sam are playing in the sandbox together, they talk ans exchange buckts to pour sand but are still each pouring their own
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Cooperative play
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cody puts sand in the bucket and sam pours the sand out and then megan flattens the sand
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What is sensorimotor play?
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Play that involves the development of new motor skills (throwing and catching a ball)
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What is sociodramatic play?
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Play involving acting out different social roles.
"you be the mommy, i'll be the daddy" |
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What is the peer nomination technique?
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A polling technique used to identify categories of popular and unpopular children.
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Popular Children
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Children whom a large number of peers have chosen as whom they "like best"
interact well and have good leadership skills |
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Rejected Children
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Children who are actively disliked; a large number of peers have chosen them as classmates they "like least"
usually physically or verbally abusive |
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Controversial Children
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children who recieve large numbers of like best and like least
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Average Children
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moderate numbers of like most and like least nominations
good social skills but also pretty agressive |
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Neglected children
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children who have very few peers who like them best or least
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Social Cognition Model
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A model that explains how different children perceive, interpret, and respind to informtion in social settings.
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Dodge's Model of Social Cognition
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1. Perceive Info: How did the event look and sound from your perspective.
2. Interpret Info: 3. Consider Potential Responses and Enact One |
